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  • 1
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    Development of a photovoltaic module qualification test based on combined-environment accelerated stress data (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The U.S. Coast Guard has developed a qualification test to screen photovoltaic modules for utilization on marine aids to navigation. The test is based on a combined-environment of hot and cold saltwater immersion and air pressurization. The test has demonstrated a very high acceleration factor and excellent correlation of electrical failures with modules in a concurrent real-time marine exposure.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 2
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    Investigating reliability attributes of silicon photovoltaic cells - An overview (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Reliability attributes are being developed on a wide variety of advanced single-crystal silicon solar cells. Two separate investigations: cell-contact integrity (metal-to-silicon adherence), and cracked cells identified with fracture-strength-reducing flaws are discussed. In the cell-contact-integrity investigation, analysis of contact pull-strength data shows that cell types made with different metallization technologies, i.e., vacuum, plated, screen-printed and soldered, have appreciably different reliability attributes. In the second investigation, fracture strength was measured using Czochralski wafers and cells taken at various stages of processing and differences were noted. Fracture strength, which is believed to be governed by flaws introduced during wafer sawing, was observed to improve (increase) after chemical polishing and other process steps that tend to remove surface and edge flaws.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Reliability; R-31; Aug. 198
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  • 3
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    An accelerated stress testing program for determining the reliability sensitivity of silicon solar cells to encapsulation and metallization systems (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of accelerated testing methods in a program to determine the reliability attributes of terrestrial silicon solar cells is discussed. Different failure modes are to be expected when cells with and without encapsulation are subjected to accelerated testing and separate test schedules for each are described. Unencapsulated test cells having slight variations in metallization are used to illustrate how accelerated testing can highlight different diffusion related failure mechanisms. The usefulness of accelerated testing when applied to encapsulated cells is illustrated by results showing that moisture related degradation may be many times worse with some forms of encapsulation than with no encapsulation at all.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 4
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    Reliability and engineering of thin-film photovoltaic modules (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Objectives were to: examine thin-film cell attributes that influence module performance and reliability, explore the lessons and applicability of crystalline-silicon module technology to thin-film modules, review the current status of thin-film module technologies, and identify problem areas and needed research. A major need is to separate the effects and resons for reversible degradatin from nonreversible degradation. Amorphous-silicon (a-Si) reliability investigations are focusing on exploratory research investigations, accelerated Arrhenius-type testing of a-Si cells, real-time outdoor exposure testing of a-Si cells, cell failure analysis, and failure mechanism research. Studies included the reduction in strength of glass by high temperature depositions on glass and laser scribing, encapsulation materials development needs, and the testing of modules. The new materials and processes in thin-film modules will require a delinquent reliability effort, including: establishment of mechanism-specific reliability goals; quantification of mechanism parameter dependencies; prediction of expected long-term degradation; identification of cost-effective solutions; and testing and failure analysis of trial solutions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proceedings of the 25th Project Integration Meeting; p 137-143
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Observed changes in a-Si:H cell characteristics due to long term temperature stress (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Determination of thermally induced degradation mechanisms affecting thin film amorphous silicon solar cells through the use of laboratory accelerated stress testing requires acquisition of specially constructed, individually addressable test cells and the development of highly repeatable instrumentation which is not influenced by short-term reversible optical effects. This paper illustrates these considerations by describing accelerated temperature stress procedures and test results for one type of a-Si:H cell. Observed electrical characteristic changes indicate that two types of stress induced mechanisms are operating - one of which is self limiting and can be observed at lower temperatures and one which continues to complete degradation. The self limiting mechanism can result in a dramatic improvement to cells having initially low Voc values.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 6
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    Integrated residential photovoltaic array development (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Sixteen conceptual designs of residential photovoltaic arrays are described. Each design concept was evaluated by an industry advisory panel using a comprehensive set of technical, economic and institutional criteria. Key electrical and mechanical concerns that effect further array subsystem development are also discussed. Three integrated array design concepts were selected by the advisory panel for further optimization and development. From these concepts a single one will be selected for detailed analysis and prototype fabrication. The three concepts selected are: (1) An array of frameless panels/modules sealed in a T shaped zipper locking neoprene gasket grid pressure fitted into an extruded aluminum channel grid fastened across the rafters. (2) An array of frameless modules pressure fitted in a series of zipper locking EPDM rubber extrusions adhesively bonded to the roof. Series string voltage is developed using a set of integral tongue connectors and positioning blocks. (3) An array of frameless modules sealed by a silicone adhesive in a prefabricated grid of rigid tape and sheet metal attached to the roof.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164617 , DOE/JPL-955893-81/1 , JPL-9950-559 , QR-1
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  • 7
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    Reliability and Engineering of Thin-Film Photovoltaic Modules. Research forum proceedings (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Research Forum on Reliability and Engineering of Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules, under sponsorship of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Flat Plate Solar Array (FSA) Project and the U.S. Department of Energy, was held in Washington, D.C., on March 20, 1985. Reliability attribute investigations of amorphous silicon cells, submodules, and modules were the subjects addressed by most of the Forum presentations. Included among the reliability research investigations reported were: Arrhenius-modeled accelerated stress tests on a Si cells, electrochemical corrosion, light induced effects and their potential effects on stability and reliability measurement methods, laser scribing considerations, and determination of degradation rates and mechanisms from both laboratory and outdoor exposure tests.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-176217 , DOE/JPL-1012-111 , JPL-PUB-85-73 , NAS 1.26:176217 , Mar 20, 1985; Washington, DC; United States
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