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  • 1
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    Photovoltaic module reliability improvement through application testing and failure analysis (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the first four years of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Photovoltatic Program, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Low-Cost Solar Array (LSA) Project purchased about 400 kW of photovoltaic modules for test and experiments. In order to identify, report, and analyze test and operational problems with the Block Procurement modules, a problem/failure reporting and analysis system was implemented by the LSA Project with the main purpose of providing manufacturers with feedback from test and field experience needed for the improvement of product performance and reliability. A description of the more significant types of failures is presented, taking into account interconnects, cracked cells, dielectric breakdown, delamination, and corrosion. Current design practices and reliability evaluations are also discussed. The conducted evaluation indicates that current module designs incorporate damage-resistant and fault-tolerant features which address field failure mechanisms observed to date.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Reliability; R-31; Aug. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Crystal growth for high-efficiency silicon solar cells workshop: Summary (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The state of the art in the growth of silicon crystals for high-efficiency solar cells are reviewed, sheet requirements are defined, and furture areas of research are identified. Silicon sheet material characteristics that limit cell efficiencies and yields were described as well as the criteria for the ideal sheet-growth method. The device engineers wish list to the material engineer included: silicon sheet with long minority carrier lifetime that is uniform throughout the sheet, and which doesn't change during processing; and sheet material that stays flat throughout device processing, has uniform good mechanical strength, and is low cost. Impurities in silicon solar cells depreciate cell performance by reducing diffusion length and degrading junctions. The impurity behavior, degradation mechanisms, and variations in degradation threshold with diffusion length for silicon solar cells were described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Proceedings of the 25th Project Integration Meeting; p 123-136
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Flat-plate solar array project. Volume 3: Silicon sheet: Wafers and ribbons (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The primary objective of the Silicon Sheet Task of the Flat-Plate Solar Array (FSA) Project was the development of one or more low cost technologies for producing silicon sheet suitable for processing into cost-competitive solar cells. Silicon sheet refers to high purity crystalline silicon of size and thickness for fabrication into solar cells. Areas covered in the project were ingot growth and casting, wafering, ribbon growth, and other sheet technologies. The task made and fostered significant improvements in silicon sheet including processing of both ingot and ribbon technologies. An additional important outcome was the vastly improved understanding of the characteristics associated with high quality sheet, and the control of the parameters required for higher efficiency solar cells. Although significant sheet cost reductions were made, the technology advancements required to meet the task cost goals were not achieved.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-180661 , JPL-PUB-86-31-VOL-3 , NAS 1.26:180661 , DOE/JPL-1012-125-VOL-3
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Optical absorption coefficient and minority carrier diffusion length measurements in low-cost silicon solar cell material (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics; 53; Nov. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Field failure mechanisms for photovoltaic modules (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Beginning in 1976, Department of Energy field centers have installed and monitored a number of field tests and application experiments using current state-of-the-art photovoltaic modules. On-site observations of module physical and electrical degradation, together with in-depth laboratory analysis of failed modules, permits an overall assessment of the nature and causes of early field failures. Data on failure rates are presented, and key failure mechanisms are analyzed with respect to origin, effect, and prospects for correction. It is concluded that all failure modes identified to date are avoidable or controllable through sound design and production practices.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; May 12, 1981 - May 15, 1981; Kissimmee, FL
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Mechanisms limiting the performance of large grain polycrystalline silicon solar cells (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of large-grain (1 to 10 mm grain diameter) polycrystalline silicon solar cells is determined by the minority-carrier diffusion length within the bulk of the grains. This was demonstrated by irradiating polycrystalline and single-crystal (Czochralski) silicon solar cells with 1 MeV electrons to reduce their bulk lifetime. The variation of short-circuit current with minority-carrier diffusion length for the polycrystalline solar cells is identical to that of the single-crystal solar cells. The open-circuit voltage versus short-circuit current characteristic of the polycrystalline solar cells for reduced diffusion lengths is also identical to that of the single-crystal solar cells. The open-circuit voltage of the polycrystalline solar cells is a strong function of quasi-neutral (bulk) recombination, and is reduced only slightly, if at all, by grain-boundary recombination.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference; Oct 17, 1983 - Oct 21, 1983; Athens; Greece
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Proceedings of the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project Workshop on Crystal Gowth for High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A Workshop on Crystal Growth for High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells was held December 3 and 4, 1984, in San Diego, California. The Workshop offered a day and a half of technical presentations and discussions and an afternoon session that involved a panel discussion and general discussion of areas of research that are necessary to the development of materials for high-efficiency solar cells. Topics included the theoretical and experimental aspects of growing high-quality silicon crystals, the effects of growth-process-related defects on photovoltaic devices, and the suitability of various growth technologies as cost-effective processes. Fifteen invited papers were presented, with a discussion period following each presentation. The meeting was organized by the Flat-Plate Solar Array Project of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. These Proceedings are a record of the presentations and discussions, edited for clarity and continuity.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-176540 , DOE/JPL-1012-109 , NAS 1.26:176540 , Dec 03, 1984 - Dec 04, 1984; San Diego, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Environmental testing of flat plate solar cell modules (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Commercially available flat-plate solar cell modules have been subjected to a variety of environmental tests designed to simulate service conditions. Among the tests are those simulating heat and rain, wind-driven rains, humidity and freezing, humidity and heat, humidity with a voltage bias, salt fog, hail impact, and fungus infestation. Tests for optical surface soiling and the combined effects of temperature, humidity and UV irradiation are under development. A correlation has been demonstrated between degradation caused by the qualification tests and such observed field effects as power loss.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Seminar on Testing Solar Energy Materials and Systems; May 22, 1978 - May 24, 1978; Gaithersburg, MD
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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