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  • ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING  (8)
  • COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR  (5)
  • Earth Resources and Remote Sensing  (4)
  • 1
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    CERES and the S'COOL Project (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: The first Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument will be launched on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft from a Japanese launch site in November 1997. This instrument is a follow-on to the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) begun in the 1980's. The instrument will measure the radiation budget - incoming and outgoing radiant energy - of the Earth. It will establish a baseline and look for climatic trends. The major feature of interest is clouds, which play a very strong role in regulating our climate. CERES will identify clear and cloudy regions and determine cloud physical and microphysical properties using imager data from a companion instrument. Validation efforts for the remote sensing algorithms will be intensive. As one component of the validation, the S'COOL (Students' Cloud Observations On-Line) project will involve school children from around the globe in making ground truth measurements at the time of a CERES overpass. Their observations will be collected at the NASA Langley Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) and made available over the Internet for educational purposes as well as for use by the CERES Science Team in validation efforts. Pilot testing of the S'COOL project began in January 1997 with two local schools in Southeastern Virginia and one remote site in Montana. This experience is helping guide the development of the S'COOL project. National testing is planned for April 1997, international testing for July 1997, and global testing for October 1997. In 1998, when the CERES instrument is operational, a global observer network should be in place providing useful information to the scientists and learning opportunities to the students.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: The Sixth Alumni Conference of the International Space University; 150-157; NASA-CP-3355
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  • 2
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    Large scale rainfall diversity and satellite propagation (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: From the NOAA 15 minute precipitation file for the U.S., data was selected for 128 stations covering a 17 year period and the probability of simultaneous rainfall at several stations was calculated. We assumed that the chosen stations were located in separate beams of a multi-beam communications satellite with shared fade mitigation resources. In order to estimate the demands made on these resources, we determined the number of stations at which rainfall rates exceeded 10 to 40 mm/hr. We found a 1 percent probability that at least 5 of the 128 stations have rain at or over 10 mm/hr in any 15 minute interval. Rain at 2 stations was found to correlate over distances less than about 600 miles.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: JPL, Proceedings of the 16th NASA Propagation Experimenters Meeting (NAPEX 16) and the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) Propagation Studies Miniworkshop p 17-26 (SEE N93-26463 09-32; JPL, Proceedings of
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  • 3
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    ROCSAT-1 telecommunication experiments (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: This paper addresses a telecommunication payload project approved by the R.O.C. NSPO's ROCSAT-1 space program. This project will enable several innovative experiments via the low-earth-orbit satellite ROCSAT-1, including multipath fading channel characterization, ionospheric scintillation measurement, real-time voice communications, and CDMA data communications. A unified L/S-band transponder payload is proposed for conducting these experiments in an efficient way. The results of these experiments would provide the evolving mobile communication communities with fruitful information.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: JPL, Proceedings of the Third International Mobile Satellite Conference (IMSC 1993); p 199-204
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  • 4
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    Large-scale rainfall diversity for ACTS (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: From the NOAA 15 minute precipitation file for the US, data were selected for a set of 23 stations spanning a 5 year period. The selection covers the spot beam locations for ACTS and the propagation experiment sites. There is a 2 percent probability of having any simultaneous rain at 3 or more stations, but this reduces to less than 0.001 percent at a rainfall rate of 40 mm/hr.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: JPL, Proceedings of the Seventeenth NASA Propagation Experimenters Meeting (NAPEX 17) and the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) Propagation Studies Miniworkshop p 87-91 (SEE N94-1465; JPL, Proceedings of
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  • 5
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    A complementary DMOS-VMOS IC structure (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A new complementary MOS structure has been fabricated consisting of a p-channel DMOS transistor and an n-channel double-diffused VMOS transistor. The transconductance of each transistor was between 0.85-0.98 of the theoretical transconductance. The threshold voltages have been adjusted by either ion implantation or by adjusting the diffusion profiles. The inverter operation is similar to that of standard CMOS.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-25; July 197
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  • 6
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    Computation of the Effects of Inhomogeneous Clouds on Retrieval of Remotely Sensed Properties (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: Current and future earth observation programs depend on satellite measurements of radiance to retrieve the properties of clouds on a global basis. At present, this retrieval is made assuming that the clouds in the instrument field of view are plane parallel and independent of adjacent pixels. While this assumption is known to be false except in very limited cases, its impact can be evaluated, and if possible corrected, based on emerging theoretical techniques. In this study, the Spherical Harmonic Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM, Evans, 1996) has been used to assess the sensitivity of the retrieval to a variety of cloud parameters. SHDOM allows the plane parallel assumption to be relaxed and makes 2D and even 3D radiative solutions practical. A previous study (Chambers et al., 1996) assessed the effect of horizontal inhomogeneity in 45 LANDSAT scenes of boundary layer clouds over ocean. The four scenes studied here represent overcast, broken, scattered and strongly thermally forced cloud fields and are used to perform sensitivity studies to a wider variety of parameters. Comparisons are made at three solar zenith angles (theta (sub 0) = 0, 49, and 63 degrees) to avoid ambiguity in the results due to solar zenith angle.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
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  • 7
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    Experimental investigation of a double-diffused MOS structure (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Self-aligned polysilicon gate technology was applied to double-diffused MOS (DMOS) construction in a manner that retains processing simplicity and effectively eliminates parasitic overlap capacitance because of the self-aligning feature. Depletion mode load devices with the same dimensions as the DMOS transistors were integrated. The ratioless feature results in smaller dimension load devices, allowing for higher density integration with no increase in the processing complexity of standard MOS technology. A number of inverters connected as ring oscillators were used as a vehicle to test the performance and to verify the anticipated benefits. The propagation time-power dissipation product and process related parameters were measured and evaluated. This report includes (1) details of the process; (2) test data and design details for the DMOS transistor, the load device, the inverter, the ring oscillator, and a shift register with a novel tapered geometry for the output stages; and (3) an analytical treatment of the effect of the distributed silicon gate resistance and capacitance on the speed of DMOS transistors.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA-CR-2620
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  • 8
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    Noise performance of very large antenna arrays (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The maximum size and resolution of receiving antenna arrays is found to be limited by signal-to-noise ratio considerations. For square arrays containing no active elements, a practical limit at 30 GHz appears to be on the order of 10 meters for communications and one to two meters for radiometry. These limitations can be overcome by use of active devices at various levels of the array organization. The nature of the resulting tradeoffs is indicated. Explicit formulas are developed for both passive and active arrays, and sample computations and the computer programs are given.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-144716 , TR-3931-1
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  • 9
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    Effect of silicon-gate resistance on the frequency response of MOS transistors (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices; ED-22; May 1975
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  • 10
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    An optimized output stage for MOS integrated circuits (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: An output device for optimizing propagation delay and minimizing chip area is described. An optimum means of tapering the output stages to minimize propagation delay is determined. The minimum delay is a function of the capacitive load to node ratio, the number of output stages, and the interstage propagation delay. The effects on area are also presented. A figure of merit which is a function of area and propagation time is defined which is of use in designing output stages. An optimum exists which can be considered the best compromise between further decreasing propagation delay and increasing chip area. Data are also presented which allow a designer to determine the minimum chip area once the capacitive load and the maximum allowable delay are known.
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits; SC-10; Apr. 197
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