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  • 1
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    Estimating reflected and emitted components of the radiation balance using remotely-sensed spectral data from KUREX-91 (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The estimation of incoming and outgoing radiation streams using bidirectional spectral reflectances and bidirectional thermal emittances is described. Good agreement between measured and modeled estimates of the radiation balance is obtained. The data used were collected over selected grassland sites on the Streletskaya Steppe Reserve in Russia in July 1991. Results from this study compare well with results obtained during the first ISLSCP field experiment (FIFE) study in Kansas in 1987-89.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1042-1045.
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  • 2
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    Absorbed photosynthetically active radiation of steppe vegetation and sun-view geometry effects on APAR estimates (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Instantaneous fractions of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) were measured at the Streletskaya Steppe Reserve in conjunction with canopy bidirectional-reflected radiation measured at solar zenith angles ranging between 37 and 74 deg during the Kursk experiment (KUREX-91). APAR values were higher for KUREX-91 than those for the first ISLSCP field experiment (FIFE-89) and the amount of APAR of a canopy was a function of solar zenith angle, decreasing as solar zenith angle increased at the resrve. Differences in absorption are attributed to leaf area index (LAI) and leaf angle distribution and subsequently transmitted radiation interactions. LAIs were considerably higher at the reserve than those at the FIFE site. Leaf angle distributions of the reserve approach a uniform distribution while distributions at the FIFE site more closely approximate erectophile distributions. Reflected photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) components at KUREX-91 and FIFE-89 were similar in magnitude and in their response to solar zenith angle. Transmitted PAR increased with increasing solar zenith angle at KUREX-91 and decreased with increasing solar zenith angle at FIFE-89. Transmitted PAR at FIFE-89 was considerably larger than those at KUREX-91.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1050-1052.
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  • 3
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    Estimation of shortwave hemispherical reflectance (albedo) from bidirectionally reflected radiance data (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An equation for estimating albedo from bidirectional reflectance data is proposed. The estimates of albedo are found to be greater than values obtained with simultaneous pyranometer measurements. Particular attention is given to potential sources of systematic errors including extrapolation of bidirectional reflectance data out to a view zenith angle of 90 deg, the use of inappropriate weighting coefficients in the numerator of the albedo equation, surface shadowing caused by the A-frame instrumentation used to measure the incoming and outgoing radiation fluxes, errors in estimates of the denominator of the proposed albedo equation, and a 'hot spot' contribution in bidirectional data measured by a modular multiband radiometer.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 38; 123-134
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  • 4
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    Prairie grassland bidirectional reflectances measured by different instruments at the FIFE site (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Land surface reflectance measurements were obtained during the First ISLSCP Field Experiment (FIFE) field campaigns utilizing a variety of airborne and ground-based spectral radiometers. To study the validity of the assumption that the values obtained by the several different teams and instruments were interchangeable, the surface radiation measurement teams converged on a common site for one day during the fifth intensive field campaign in 1989. The bidirectional reflectances from the various instruments were basically found to be comparable.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 18,887-18,903.
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  • 5
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    Leaf gas exchange of Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Panicum virgatum L., and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in a tallgrass prairie (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Net CO2 assimilation as a function of internal CO2 and stomatal conductance to water vapor were measured on blades of the C4 grasses Andropogon gerardii Vitman, Panicum virgatrum L., and Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash in northeast Kansas over two growing seasons to determine the comparative physiological responses of these dominant grasses of the tallgrass prairie to environmental variables. The response of dark respiration to temperature and of net assimilation to CO2 concentration and absorbed quantum flux differed little among species. A. gerardii had lower potential photosynthetic rates at internal CO2 concentrations below saturation than P. virgatum and S. nutans, but net assimilation under ambient conditions was similar in the three species. Net assimilation and both the initial slope of assimilation versus internal CO2 curves and the maximum potential assimilation rate decreased as leaf water potential declined in blades of A. gerardii and S. nutans. Changes in assimilation capacity were paralleled by changes in stomatal conductance that were similar in all three species. The strong correlations among processes regulating leaf CO2 assimilation and transpiration in A. gerardii, P. virgatum, and S. nutans suggest that the processes are tightly and similarly coupled in these grasses over a wide range of environmental conditions encountered in the tallgrass prairie.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 18,837-18,844.
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  • 6
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    Comparison of measured and modeled radiation, heat and water vapor fluxes: FIFE pilot study (1987)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The feasibility of using radio frequency receivers to collect data from automated weather stations to model fluxes of latent heat, sensible heat, and radiation using routine weather data collected by automated weather stations was tested and the estimated fluxes were compared with fluxes measured over wheat. The model Cupid was used to model the fluxes. Two or more automated weather stations, interrogated by radio frequency and other means, were utilized to examine some of the climatic variability of the First ISLSCP (International Satellite Land-Surface Climatology Project) Field Experiment (FIFE) site, to measure and model reflected and emitted radiation streams from various locations at the site and to compare modeled latent and sensible heat fluxes with measured values. Some bidirectional reflected and emitted radiation data were collected from 23 locations throughout the FIFE site. Analysis of these data along with analysis of the measured sensible and latent heat fluxes is just beginning.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-179989 , NAS 1.26:179989 , CAMAC-87-1
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  • 7
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    Biophysical properties affecting vegetative canopy reflectance and absorbed photosynthetically active radiation at the FIFE site (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Leaves of the dominant grass species of the ISCLP FIFE site reflect and transmit radiation in a like manner to other healthy green leaves. Visible reflectance factors (RFs) and transmittance factors (TFs) were less for older leaves than younger leaves except during senescence, when RF and TF values were greater. NIR-RF values increased and TF values decreased with leaf age, with the reverse occurring as the leaf went through senescence.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 18,925-18,934.
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  • 8
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    Measuring and modeling near surface reflected and emitted radiation fluxes at the FIFE site (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Research was conducted during the four Intensive Field Campaigns (IFC) of the FIFE project in 1987. The research was done on a tall grass prairie with specific measurement sites on and near the Konza Prairie in Kansas. Measurements were made to help meet the following objectives: determination of the variability in reflected and emitted radiation fluxes in selected spectral wavebands as a function of topography and vegetative community; development of techniques to account for slope and sun angle effects on the radiation fluxes; estimation of shortwave albedo and net radiation fluxes using the reflected and emitted spectral measurements described; estimation of leaf and canopy spectral properties from calculated normalized differences coupled with off-nadir measurements using inversion techniques; estimation of plant water status at several locations with indices utilizing plant temperature and other environmental parameters; and determination of relationships between estimated plant water status and measured soil water content. Results are discussed.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-182660 , NAS 1.26:182660 , CAMAC-PR-88-2
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  • 9
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    Bidirectional reflectance, leaf optical and physiological properties of prairie vegetation (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A modular multiband radiometer is used to measure reflected radiation from the vegetative surface of a prairie. The data are compared to estimates of incoming radiation by measuring the reflection from a molded halon panel, and the bidirectional reflectance factors are measured at seven view-zenith angles and various incidence angles. The canopy-reflectance results are compared to leaf-optical and other vegetative physiological properties, and a direct relationship is reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Symposium on FIFE - First ISLSCP Field Experiment; Feb 07, 1990 - Feb 09, 1990; Anaheim, CA; United States
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  • 10
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    Measurement of surface physical properties and radiation balance for KUREX-91 study (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Biophysical properties and radiation balance components were measured at the Streletskaya Steppe Reserve of the Russian Republic in July 1991. Steppe vegetation parameters characterized include leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle distribution, mean tilt angle, canopy height, leaf spectral properties, leaf water potential, fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR), and incoming and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation. Research results, biophysical parameters, radiation balance estimates, and sun-view geometry effects on estimating APAR are discussed. Incoming and outgoing radiation streams are estimated using bidirectional spectral reflectances and bidirectional thermal emittances. Good agreement between measured and modeled estimates of the radiation balance were obtained.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-190288 , NAS 1.26:190288 , AGMET-92-2
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