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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (9)
  • 1
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The thermal response of a substance to a time-varying surface power input is determined by its thermal inertia. Remote sensing (e.g., from satellites) can be utilized to measure this property, which is related to surface composition or to near-surface soil moisture. An algorithm is developed which relates thermal inertia to remote measurements of surface temperature and reflectance. Application to geosynchronous satellite data illustrates the contrast between irrigated and desert areas in the region north of the Gulf of California. The effect of local weather conditions (latent and sensible heat transfer to the atmosphere) must be estimated before precise values for thermal inertia can be specified.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; June 20
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-09-17
    Description: The thematic mapper (TM) on LANDSAT 4, acquires 6 spectral channels at 30 meter resolution as well as a thermal IR channel at 120 meter resolution. Because both MSS and TM can acquire data simultaneously, the advantages and disadvantages of the two instruments can be directly compared. The information content of the two instruments is compared for areas in a representative agricultural region. Although the parameter information does not equate in an obvious way to the value or utility of the data, it provides a basis for physical interpretation. By focusing on the redundancy of the digital data, the estimation of information content suggests possibilities for algorithms dealing with subsets of the image data, as well as transformations which reduce the total volume of data to be analyzed. To the degree that a satisfactory description by a reduced data set is possible, there exist implications both for design of future satellite instruments and for analysis procedures.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Characterization Early Results, Vol. 4; p 271-280
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: Classical methods of measuring soil moisture such as gravimetric sampling and the use of neutron moisture probes are useful for cases where a point measurement is sufficient to approximate the water content of a small surrounding area. However, there is an increasing need for rapid and repetitive estimations of soil moisture over large areas. Remote sensing techniques potentially have the capability of meeting this need. The use of reflected-solar and emitted thermal-infrared radiation, measured remotely, to estimate soil moisture is examined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Soil Moisture Workshop; 47 p
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Evaluation of information contained in data from the visible and near-IR channels of LANDSAT 4 TM and MSS for five agricultural scenes shows that the TM provides a significant advance in information gathering capability as expressed in terms of bits per pixel or bits per unit area. The six reflective channels of the TM acquire 18 bits of information per pixel out of a possible 48 bits, while the four MSS channels acquire 10 bits of information per pixel out of a possible 28 bits. Thus the TM and MSS are equally efficient in gathering information (18/48 to approximately 10/28), contrary to the expected tendency toward lower efficiency as spatial resolution is improved and spectral channels are added to an observing system. The TM thermal IR data appear to be of interest mainly for mapping water bodies, which do not change temperature during the day, for assessing surface moisture, and for monitoring thermal features associated with human activity.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10081 , NASA-CR-173231 , NAS 1.26:173231
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Simultaneous data acquisition by the LANDSAT 4 thematic mapper and the multispectral scanner permits the comparison of the two types of image data with respect to engineering performance and data applications. Progress in the evaluation of information content of matching scenes in agricultural areas is briefly reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10034 , NASA-CR-174586 , NAS 1.26:174586 , PR-4
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: There has been a steady increase with respect to the available capability to monitor the earth's surface from satellite platforms. Developments regarding instrumentation should now be considered in the context of the possible commercialization of space systems. The satellite data user is to select his data with many variables in mind, including cost. The present investigation provides a statistical comparison of simultaneously acquired data from the Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) and the Multispectral Scanner (MSS) for five scenes acquired over agricultural areas. Simple examination of photographic products and manipulation and display of image data suggests that the utility of the TM data will be far greater than that of the MSS. However, factors of cost and frequency of observations can also be important. The approach employed in the investigation should facilitate evaluation of future remote sensing systems.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 272-281
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The AEM-1 satellite, the Heat Capacity Mapping Mission, has acquired high-quality thermal infrared data at times of day especially suited for studying the earth's surface and the exchange of heat and moisture with the atmosphere. Selected imagery illustrates the considerable variability of surface temperature in and around cities, in the dry southwestern United States, in the Appalachian Mountains, and in agricultural areas. Through simplifying assumptions, an analytic experience is derived that relates day/night temperature differences to the near-surface layer (thermal inertia) and to meteorological factors. Analysis of the result suggests that, in arid regions, estimates of relative thermal inertia may be inferred, whereas, in agricultural areas, a hydrologic interpretation is possible.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Apr 23, 1979 - Apr 27, 1979; Ann Arbor, MI
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The progress of an investigation to quantify the increased information content of thematic mapper (TM) data as compared to that from the LANDSAT 4 multispectral scanner (MSS) is reported. Two night infrared images were examined and compared with Heat Capacity Mapping Mission data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10396 , NASA-CR-172938 , NAS 1.26:172938 , PR-3
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Software was constructed to reformat data to band interlevel format and analysis software was developed in an effort to quantify the increased information content (statistical variability within a data set) of thematic mapper data as compared to that from the LANDSAT 4 multispectral band scanner. Computer runs were carried out for several subareas from a data set acquired simultaneously by TM and MSS over a test area in northeast Arkansas, one of the most agriculturally diverse sea areas in the country. The 6 visible-near IR channels of the TM provide more information than the 4 channels of the MSS. A rough estimate of 20 bits per pixel for TM, and 10 bits per pixel for the MSS was computed for these subareas. These numbers are to be revised downward when allowance is made for noise in the data.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E83-10231 , NASA-CR-170072 , NAS 1.26:170072 , PR-1
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