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  • 1
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    Satellite remote sensing of surface energy balance - Success, failures, and unresolved issues in FIFE (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Utilizing single-view-angle visible and NIR satellite observations, it was possible to make the necessary radiometric corrections to produce reliable estimates of the simple ratio and the normalized difference vegetation index as inputs to surface evaporation models. Agreement was achieved between helicopter and satellite measures of surface reflectance to within +/-1 percent absolute for both the visible and the NIR bands. A theoretical calculation utilizing radiative transfer models indicates that this translates into a +/-10 percent error in the estimation in Fpar.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 19,061-19,089.
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  • 2
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    Image processing software for providing radiometric inputs to land surface climatology models (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: During the First International Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment (FIFE), 80 gigabytes of image data were generated from a variety of satellite and airborne sensors in a multidisciplinary attempt to study energy and mass exchange between the land surface and the atmosphere. To make these data readily available to researchers with a range of image data handling experience and capabilities, unique image-processing software was designed to perform a variety of nonstandard image-processing manipulations and to derive a set of standard-format image products. The nonconventional features of the software include: (1) adding new layers of geographic coordinates, and solar and viewing conditions to existing data; (2) providing image polygon extraction and calibration of data to at-sensor radiances; and, (3) generating standard-format derived image products that can be easily incorporated into radiometric or climatology models. The derived image products consist of easily handled ASCII descriptor files, byte image data files, and additional per-pixel integer data files (e.g., geographic coordinates, and sun and viewing conditions). Details of the solutions to the image-processing problems, the conventions adopted for handling a variety of satellite and aircraft image data, and the applicability of the output products to quantitative modeling are presented. They should be of general interest to future experiment and data-handling design considerations.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 3
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    Terrestrial imaging spectroscopy (1988)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent advances in imaging spectroscopy for remote sensing applications are discussed, reviewing the results of recent investigations. The advantages offered by the higher spectral resolution of imaging spectroscopy relative to scanners such as Landsat MSS and TM are explained; the design and performance of the Airborne Imaging Spectrometer (Vane et al., 1984) are described and illustrated with drawings, photographs, and sample images; data processing and analysis techniques are outlined; and applications to geological and botanical research are considered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 24; 1-29
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  • 4
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    Landscape pattern and successional dynamics in the boreal forest (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The landscape-scale community dynamics of a boreal forest ecosystem was investigated using the Landsat MSS data record form 1973 to 1983 to generate a stochastic description of the key life cycle states of the community landscape elements. Such descriptions can provide input and verification for models of community development and landscape dynamics. It is anticipated that the proposed approach may be extended to measure, monitor, and model ecosystems at continental and planetary scales.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 5
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    The high resolution imaging spectrometer (HIRIS) for EOS (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The HIRIS is designed to acquire images in 196 spectral bands simultaneously in the 0.4-2.5 micron wavelength region. HIRIS is a targeting rather than a continuous acquisition instrument and obtains high spatial and spectral resolution images in a 23 km swath with a 30 m GIFOV in vertical viewing. Gimbal pointing is proposed which will allow image acquisition at -30 + 60 deg down-track and + or - 25 deg cross-track. The raw data rate of the instrument is 393 Mbs. The high spectral resolution will make it possible to directly identify surficial materials such as rocks, soils, and suspended matter in water, and HIRIS opens up the possibility of studying biogeochemical processes in vegetation canopies. HIRIS will be used in conjunction with MODIS as a multistage sampling system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 6
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    Remote sensing for exploration - An overview (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The use of remote sensing in resource exploration is reviewed, with emphasis placed on new developments in high spectral resolution remote-sensing techniques for mineralogic and vegetation mapping. Topics discussed include aerial photography and satellite remote sensing, concepts and principles of spectral data collection, spectral properties of rocks and minerals, spectral properties of vegetation, and botanical aspects of geochemical stress. The discussion also covers applications of Landsat multispectral scanner data to lithologic and geobotanic studies and the future development of data acquisition and data interpretation techniques.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Economic Geology and Society of Economic Geologists, Bulletin (ISSN 0361-0128); 78; 573-590
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  • 7
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    Mineralogic information from a new airborne thermal infrared multispectral scanner (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The thermal IR multispectral scanner (TIMS) has been developed for airborne geologic surveys. The resststrahlen band between 8-11 microns is exhibited by interatomic stretching vibrations of Si and oxygen bound up in the crystal lattice of silicate rocks. The crystal structure of the component minerals influence the depth and position of the detected band. The TIMS has six channels, an 80 deg field of view, and a sensitivity sufficient to detect a noise equivalent change in spectral emissivity of 0.002-0.006. The six bands measured are 8.2-8.6, 8.6-9.0, 9.4-10.2, 10.2-11.2, and 11.2-12.2 microns, using HgCdTe detectors. The data are analyzed with respect to emissivity variations as a function of wavelength, using the component transformation technique called a decorrelation stretch, with spectral differences being displayed as different colors. Sample scenes from Death Valley and the Nevada Cuprite mining district are compared with visible and near-IR color composites of the same areas, revealing the superior distinctions that are available with the TIMS.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 222; Oct. 7
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  • 8
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    Mineral identification from orbit - Initial results from the Shuttle multispectral infrared radiometer (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Shuttle multispectral IR radiometer (SMIRR) was designed to obtain surface reflectance data in ten spectral bands in order to evaluate the usefulness of a future imaging system for remote mineral identification. Attention was given to the 2.0-2.4 micron region, which has a wealth of spectral absorption features and appeared to have potential for the identification of CO3- and OH-bearing minerals such as the kaolinite and montmorillonite clays. SMIRR radiances were normalized by using a spectrum for dune sand collected in the Kharga Depression in Egypt. Direct identifications have been made of kaolinite-containing and carbonate material, indicating an exceptional potential for future orbital platform narrowband spectral imaging systems for mineralogical mapping.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Science; 218; Dec. 3
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  • 9
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    High spectral resolution remote sensing of the land (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Spectral remote sensing has been practiced on a large scale since the launch of Landsat 1 in 1972. The limited information contained in this spectrally undersampled data set has led to the development of sophisticated statistical-inferential methods for data analysis. The results are usually limited by the availability of ground truth information. Recent technological developments have made it feasible to create narrow-band, contiguous, spectral image data sets that make possible the identification of surface cover materials based on the complete reflectance spectrum for each picture element. This capability will revolutionize the use of remote sensing data and require new deterministic image processing techniques to extract the full information content from the data. Sensors, based on the concept of imaging spectrometry and the new technology of area array infrared detectors, have been constructed and are candidates for Shuttle and space platform flights.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 10
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    Optical remote sensing of the earth (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In the present assessment of the contributions of optical earth resources remote sensing in the 0.4-15.0 micron region, attention is given to underlying principles, applications to scientific disciplines such as geology, hydrology and oceanography, the recent development history of the requisite sensors, and sensor development trends. Development status characterizations are given for thematic mapping, modular optoelectronic multispectral scanning, the telescope/CCD 'SPOT' program of France, the thermal IR multispectral scanner for mineral signature identification, airborne imaging spectrometry, and the Advanced Visible and IR Imaging Spectrometer that is nearing deployment. Technology development trends and the capabilities they portend are projected.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE, Proceedings (ISSN 0018-9219); 73; 950-969
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