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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (1,849)
  • 1
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    Enhancement and evaluation of Skylab photography for potential land use inventories, part 1 (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Three sites were evaluated for land use inventory: Finger Lakes - Tompkins County, Lower Hudson Valley - Newburgh, and Suffolk County - Long Island. Special photo enhancement processes were developed to standardize the density range and contrast among S190A negatives. Enhanced black and white enlargements were converted to color by contact printing onto diazo film. A color prediction model related the density values on each spectral band for each category of land use to the spectral properties of the various diazo dyes. The S190A multispectral system proved to be almost as effective as the S190B high resolution camera for inventorying land use. Aggregate error for Level 1 averaged about 12% while Level 2 aggregate error averaged about 25%. The S190A system proved to be much superior to LANDSAT in inventorying land use, primarily because of increased resolution.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E76-10085 , NASA-CR-144473
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Preliminary spectral and geologic analysis of Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper data, Wind River Basin area, Wyoming (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A Landsat-4 Thematic Mapper (TM) image of the Wind River Basin area in Wyoming is currently under analysis for stratigraphic and structural mapping and for assessment of spectral and spatial characteristics using visible, near infrared, and short wavelength infrared bands. To estimate the equivalent Lambertian surface reflectance, TM radiance data were calibrated to remove atmospheric and instrumental effects. Reflectance measurements for homogeneous natural and cultural targets were acquired about one year after data acquisition. Calibration data obtained during the analysis were used to calculate new gains and offsets to improve scanner response for earth science applications. It is shown that the principal component images calculated from the TM data were the result of linear transformations of ground reflectance. In images prepared from this transform, the separation of spectral classes was independent of systematic atmospheric and instrumental factors. Several examples of the processed images are provided.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-23; 562-573
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Radiometric measurements over bare and vegetated fields at 1.4-GHz and 5-GHz frequencies (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-22587)
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 12; Sept
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Interpretation of multispectral and infrared thermal surveys of the Suez Canal Zone, Egypt (1977)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Remote sensing airborne surveys were conducted, as part of the plan of rehabilitation, of the Suez Canal Zone using I2S multispectral camera and Bendix LN-3 infrared passive scanner. The multispectral camera gives four separate photographs for the same scene in the blue, green, red, and near infrared bands. The scanner was operated in the microwave bands of 8 to 14 microns and the thermal surveying was carried out both at night and in the day time. The surveys, coupled with intensive ground investigations, were utilized in the construction of new geological, structural lineation and drainage maps for the Suez Canal Zone on a scale of approximately 1:20,000, which are superior to the maps made by normal aerial photography. A considerable number of anomalies belonging to various types were revealed through the interpretation of the executed multispectral and infrared thermal surveys.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ERIM Proc. of the 11th Intern. Symp. on Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 2; p 1533-1542
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    LANDSAT-4 MSS and TM Spectral Class Comparison and Coherent Noise Analysis (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-13
    Description: A detailed spectral analysis is conducted of thematic mapper and MSS data for an area near Des Moines, Iowa. Data are utilized from 7 blocks distributed throughout the area which included agricultural, forest, suburan, urban, and water scene types. The blocks are processed using a clustering algorithm to produce up to 18 cluster groupings for each block. Each cluster class is then identified with a ground-cover class using aerial photography and maps of the area. The clusters from each of the 7 blocks are inspected with regard to separability, mean, and variances. The separability measure used in the transformed divergence function or processor measures the statistical distance between classes based on class means and covariance matrices. The measure has a maximum value of 2,000 and the minimum of 0. Spectrally, very close classes will typically have values as low as 50 to 500.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center LANDSAT-4 Sci. Invest. Summ., Including Dec. 1983 Workshop Results, Vol. 2; p 1-6
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Millimeter-wave sensing of the environment: A bibliographic survey (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This literature survey was conducted to examine the field of millimeter wave remote sensing of the environment and collect all relevant observations made in the atmospheric windows near 90, 140, and 230 GHz of ocean, terrain, man-made features, and the atmosphere. Over 170 articles and reports were examined; bibliographic references are provided for all and abstracts are quoted when available. Selected highlights were extracted from the pertinent articles.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-156879 , ATR-81(7805)-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Remote sensing of directional wave spectra using the surface contour radar (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A unique radio-oceanographic remote sensing instrument was developed. The 36 GHz airborne Surface Contour Radar (SCR) remotely produces a real-time topographical map of the sea surface beneath the aircraft. It can routinely produce ocean directional wave spectra with off-line data processing. The transmitter is a coherent dual-frequency device that uses pulse compression to compensate for the limited available power at Ka band. The radar has selectable pulse widths of 1, 2, 4, and 10 nanoseconds. The transmitting antenna is a 58 lambda horn fed dielectric lens whose axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft. It illuminates an elliptical mirror which is oriented 45 deg to the lens' longitudinal axis to deflect the beam towards the region beneath the aircraft. The mirror is oscillated in a sinusoidal fashion through mechanical linkages driven to a variable speed motor to scan the transmitter beam (1.2 deg X 1.2 deg) with + or - 16 deg of the perpendicular to the aircraft wings in the plane perpendicular to the aircraft flight direction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-84440 , NAS 1.15:84440
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Identification and area estimation of agricultural crops by computer classification of Landsat MSS data (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) data covering a three-county area in northern Illinois were classified using computer-aided techniques as corn, soybeans, or 'other.' Recognition of test fields was 80% accurate. County estimates of the area of corn and soybeans agreed closely with those made by the USDA. Results of the use of a priori information in classification, techniques to produce unbiased area estimates, and the use of temporal and spatial features for classification are discussed. The extendability, variability, and size of training sets, wavelength band selection, and spectral characteristics of crops were also investigated.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment; 8; Feb. 197
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Preliminary data for the 20 May 1974, simultaneous evaluation of remote sensors experiment (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Several remote sensors were simultaneously used to collect data over the tidal James River from Hopewell to Norfolk, Virginia. Sensors evaluated included the Multichannel-Ocean Color Sensor, multispectral scanners, and multispectral photography. Ground truth measurements and remotely sensed data are given. Preliminary analysis indicates that suspended sediment and concentrated industrial effluent are observable from all sensors.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-72676
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    The 90 GHz radiometric imaging (1976)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A 90-GHz (3 mm wavelength) radiometer with a noise output fluctuation of 0.22 K (RMS), with a scanning antenna beam mirror, and the data processing system are described. Real-time radiometric imaging of terrain and man-made objects are shown. Flying at an altitude of 1500 ft a radiometer antenna with a 2 degrees halfpower beamwidth can distinguish landforms, waterways, roads, runways, bridges, ships at sea and their wakes, aircraft on runways, and athletic fields. A flight taken at an altitude of 3000 ft with approximately 2000 ft of clouds below the radiometer demonstrates the ability to distinguish bridges, rivers, marshland and other landforms even though the clouds are optically opaque. The radiometric images of a few representative scenes along with photographs of the corresponding scenes are presented to demonstrate the resolution of the imager system.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-148581 , AD-A022241 , SAMSO-TR-76-37
    Format: application/pdf
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