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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (42)
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  • 1
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    Applications of soil moisture information (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The needs of specific users within the areas of agriculture, hydrology, and meteorology are discussed. Sections are also included on the importance of drought, foreign needs for soil moisture information, some specific requirements for data information systems, and agency and organization uses of soil moisture.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Soil Moisture Workshop; 35 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Effects of corn stalk orientation and water content on passive microwave sensing of soil moisture (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A field experiment was conducted utilizing artificial arrangements of plant components during the summer of 1982 to examine the effects of corn canopy structure and plant water content on microwave emission. Truck-mounted microwave radiometers at C (5 GHz) and L (1.4 GHz) band sensed vertically and horizontally polarized radiation concurrent with ground observations of soil moisture and vegetation parameters. Results indicate that the orientation of cut stalks and the distribution of their dielectric properties through the canopy layer can influence the microwave emission measured from a vegetation/soil scene. The magnitude of this effect varies with polarization and frequency and with the amount of water in the plant, disappearing at low levels of vegetation water content. Although many of the canopy structures and orientations studied in this experiment are somewhat artificial, they serve to improve understanding of microwave energy interactions within a vegetation canopy and to aid in the development of appropriate physically based vegetation models.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 16; 55-67
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Utilization of active microwave roughness measurements to improve passive microwave soil moisture estimates over bare soils (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Multisensor aircraft data were used to establish the potential of the active microwave sensor response to be used to compensate for roughness in the passive microwave sensor's response to soil moisture. Only bare fields were used. It is found that the L-band radiometer's capability to estimate soil moisture significantly improves when surface roughness is accounted for with the scatterometers.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: ESA IGARSS 84. Remote Sensing: From Res. Towards Operational Use, Vol. 1; p 257-262
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Radar response from vegetation with nodal structure (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Radar images from the SEASAT synthetic aperture radar (SAR) produced unusually high returns from corn and sorghum fields, which seem to indicate a correlation between nodal separation in the stalk and the wavelength of the radar. These images also show no difference in return from standing or harvested corn. Further investigation using images from the Shuttle Imaging Radar (SIR-A) substantiated these observations and showed a degradation of the high return with time after harvest. From portions of corn and sweet sorghum stalks that were sampled to measure stalk water content, it was determined that near and after maturity the water becomes more concentrated in the stalk nodes. The stalk then becomes a linear sequence of alternating dielectrics as opposed to a long slender cylinder with uniform dielectric properties.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E84-10085 , NASA-TM-86066 , NAS 1.15:86066
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    The effects of vegetation and soil hydraulic properties on passive microwave sensing of soil moisture: Data report for the 1982 fiels experiments (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Field experiments to (1) study the biomass and geometrical structure properties of vegetation canopies to determine their impact on microwave emission data, and (2) to verify whether time series microwave data can be related to soil hydrologic properties for use in soil type classification. Truck mounted radiometers at 1.4 GHz and 5 GHz were used to obtain microwave brightness temperatures of bare vegetated test plots under different conditions of soil wetness, plant water content and canopy structure. Observations of soil moisture, soil temperature, vegetation biomass and other soil and canopy parameters were made concurrently with the microwave measurements. The experimental design and data collection procedures for both experiments are documented and the reduced data are presented in tabular form.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-85106 , NAS 1.15:85106
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Correlation of spacecraft passive microwave system data with soil moisture indices (API) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Electrical scanning microwave radiometer brightness temperature, meteorological data, climatological data, and winter wheat crop information were used to estimate that soil moisture content in the Great Plains region. Results over the predominant winter wheat areas indicate that the best potential to infer soil moisture occurs during fall and spring. These periods encompass the growth stages when soil moisture is most important to winter wheat yield. Other significant results are reported.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-164142 , REPT-3622-4
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Continuation of measurement of hydrologic soil-cover complex with airborne scatterometers (1979)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Analysis of radar scatterometry data obtained over five flight lines in Texas by NASA C-130 aircraft demonstrated that multivariant radar data can be used to distinguish difference in land use, and hence be an indicator of surface runoff characteristics. The capability of using microwave sensors to detect flood inundation of timbered land was also determined.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10073 , NASA-CR-162644 , FR-3496
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Dryland pasture and crop conditions as seen by HCMM (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E80-10157 , NASA-CR-163174 , PR-3712-8
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Dryland pasture and crop conditions as seen by HCMM (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Techniques developed from aircraft flights over the Washita watershed in central Oklahoma were applied to HCMM data analysis. Results show that (1) canopy temperatures were accurately measured remotely; (2) pasture surface temperature differences detected relative soil moisture differences; (3) pasture surface temperature differences were related to stress in nearby wheat fields; and (4) no relationship was developed between final yield differences, thermal infrared data, and soil moisture stress at critical growth stages due to a lack of satellite thermal data at critical growth stages. The HCMM thermal data proved to be quite adequate in detecting relative moisture differences; however, with a 16 day day/night overpass frequency, more frequent overpasses are required to analyze more cases within a 7 day period after the storm. Better normalization techniques are also required.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: E81-10154 , NASA-CR-164268 , RSC-3712-12
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Utilization of vegetation indices to improve microwave soil moisture estimates over agricultural lands (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A technique is presented by means of which visible/near-IR data are used to develop corrections in remotely sensed microwave soil moisture signals, in order to account for vegetation effects. Visible/IR data collected with the NASA NS001 Thematic Mapper Simulator were used to calculate the Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI), which was then related to the change of sensitivity of the microwave measurement to surface soil moisture. Effective estimation of soil moisture in the presence of vegetation can be made with L-band microwave radiometers and visible/IR sensors when the PVI is lower than 4.3. This technique offers a means for the estimation of moisture from a space platform over many agricultural areas, without expensive ground data collection.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); GE-22; 490-496
    Format: text
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