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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (10)
  • ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION  (6)
  • Space Radiation  (1)
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  • 1
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    Direct and indirect methods for correcting the aerosol effect on remote sensing (1994)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2004-12-03
    Beschreibung: Aspects of aerosol studies and remote sensing are reviewed. Aerosol scatters solar radiation before it reaches the surface and scatters and absorbs it again after it is reflected from the surface and before it reaches the satellite sensor. The effect is spectrally and spatially dependent. Therefore atmospheric aerosol (dust, smoke and air pollution particles) has a significant effect on remote sensing. Correction for the aerosol effect was never achieved on an operational basis though several case studies were demonstrated. Correction can be done in a direct way by deriving the aerosol loading from the image itself and correcting for it using the appropriate radiative transfer model or by an indirect way, by defining remote sensing functions that are less dependent on the aerosol loading. To some degree this was already achieved in global remote sensing of vegetation where a composite of several days of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) measurements, choosing the maximal value, was used instead of a single cloud screened value. The Atmospheric Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) introduced recently for the NASA Earth Observing System EOS-MODIS is the most appropriate example of indirect correction, where the index is defined in such a way that the atmospheric effect in the blue spectral channel cancels to a large degree the atmospheric in the red channel in computations of a vegetation index. Atmospheric corrections can also use aerosol climatology and ground based instrumentation.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, Proceedings of 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing; p 7-19
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  • 2
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    Calibration of the AVHRR visible and near IR channels using radiances measured over remote ocean areas (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: An inflight absolute calibration method has been adapted and applied to channel 1 of the AVHRR. The approach is based on AVHRR observations in channels 1, 2 and 4. A rigorous cloud screening is performed, based on the homogeneity of the data in channel 1 and 2 and on the temperature in channel 4. In a combined approach, the off-nadir view satellite count in channel 2 is used to detect the aerosol optical thickness and loading and the count of channel 1 is used to calibrate this channel, based on the predictable Rayleigh scattering component. Water vapor data are used, and the channels are intercalibrated using the ratio between channels 1 and 2 over the glint region.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 9-11.
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  • 3
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    Characteristics of smoke emissions from biomass fires of the Amazon region - BASE-A experiment (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The Biomass Burning Airborne and Spaceborne Experiment-Amazonia was designed for study of both aerosol and gaseous emissions from fires using an airborne sampling platform. The emission factors for combustion products from four fires suggest that the proportion of carbon released in the form of CO2 is higher than for fires of logging which has been burned in the western U.S. Combustion efficiency was of the order of 97 percent for the Amazonian test fire and 86-94 percent for deforestation fires. The inorganic content of particles from tropical fires are noted to be different from those of fires in the U.S.
    Schlagwort(e): ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
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  • 4
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    Atmospherically Resistant Vegetation Index (ARVI) for EOS-MODIS (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: ARVI, which is here proposed as a tool for the remote sensing of vegetation by the EOS MODIS sensor, takes advantage of the presence of the blue channel in MODIS, together with the red and near-IR channels composing the normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI). Unlike the NDVI, ARVI resists atmospheric effects via a self-correction process for the effects of the atmosphere on the red channel. ARVI is presently shown to have a dynamic range similar to NDVI's, but is on average less sensitive to atmospheric effects by a factor of 4. A single combination of the blue and red channels in the ARVI may be used in all or most remote-sensing applications.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 2, Ma
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  • 5
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    Remote sensing of water vapor in the near IR from EOS/MODIS (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: Consideration is given to the selection of spectral channels in the near-infrared IR which are to be employed for the derivation of total column water vapor using the MODIS instrument on the NASA's Earth Observing System. Data obtained show that the three near-IR water vapor channels on the MODIS instrument enable remote sensing of the total column water vapor with an absolute accuracy of +/- 13 percent. An absolute accuracy of +/-7 percent can be obtained if additional MODIS channels are used to decrease the effect of uncertainty in the spectral reflectance of the surface, subpixel clouds, haze, and temperature profile on the derived water vapor.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 5; p. 871-884.
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  • 6
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    Atmospheric correction algorithm for NOAA-AVHRR products - Theory and application (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: The present evaluation of the effects of atmospheric constituents on NOAA AVHRR visible and near-IR data first gives attention to the general remote sensing equation and then addresses the magnitude of the atmospheric effects for AVHRR solar bands with respect to their impact on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the surface bidirectional reflectance. Possible approaches to the acquisition of atmospheric data are then considered, and examples of atmospheric correction of surface reflectance and NDVI are discussed. The correction of the aerosol effect is essential in the case of NDVI study of densely vegetated areas.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0196-2892); 30; 2, Ma
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  • 7
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    Remote sensing of biomass burning associated with deforestation (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A method based on remote sensing of one emitted product - particulates is developed for the global assessment of trace gases and particulates emission from tropical biomass burning. According to the method, the detected mass of emitted particulates is converted into a mass of emitted trace gases using published relations between the emitted particulates and trace gases for the flaming and smoldering phases. Through an analysis of the 1987 burning season in Brazil during the three months of the dry season, it is shown that there are up to 8000 fires a day each contributing 4500 tons of CO(2), 750 tons of CO, and 26 tons of CH(4) to the atmosphere. A comparison to the estimates of global emissions is also presented.
    Schlagwort(e): ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
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  • 8
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    Fossil fuel and biomass burning effect on climate - Heating or cooling? (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The basic theory of the effect of pollution on cloud microphysics and its global implications is applied to compare the relative effect of a small increase in the consumption rate of oil, coal, or biomass burning on cooling and heating of the atmosphere. The characteristics of and evidence for the SO2 induced cooling effect are reviewed. This perturbation analysis approach permits linearization, therefore simplifying the analysis and reducing the number of uncertain parameters. For biomass burning the analysis is restricted to burning associated with deforestation. Predictions of the effect of an increase in oil or coal burning show that within the present conditions the cooling effect from oil and coal burning may range from 0.4 to 8 times the heating effect.
    Schlagwort(e): ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Materialart: Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755); 4; 578-588
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  • 9
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    The effect of subpixel clouds on remote sensing (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: A method for estimating the cloud effect on remote sensing is described, and it is applied to cloudiness in several climatological conditions. The algorithm is based on the Haurwitz (1948) measurements of the cloud layer transmission of solar radiation for an overcast sky and on an empirical interpolation of data for broken cloudiness by Pochop et al. (1968). Radiances for a sunny area observed directly from space and through a cloud, and for a shady area observed from space and through a cloud are computed. Methods for detecting the cloud effect from satellite images are discussed. The relation between cloud reflectance and cloud size is studied. It is observed that the subpixel clouds affect the detected radiance and vegetation index, and the effect depends on the cloud types and the dependence of the cloud transmissivity on cloud fraction. Procedures for decreasing or eliminating cloud effect are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 8; 839-857
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  • 10
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    Atmospheric effect on spectral signature - Measurements (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: In order to study the spectral atmospheric effect on remote sensing, measurements of the spectral signature of surface cover were conducted during hazy conditions. Simultaneous measurements of the aerosol optical thickness and its vertical distribution were carried out. The upward radiance in high flight were also simulated by radiative transfer computations, and the results were compared with the measurements. It is suggested that the radiances over dark areas can be used to derive the aerosol optical thickness. Combined with climatological information, the derived optical thickness can be used to perform corrections of the atmospheric effect.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 7; 11, 1
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