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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (4)
  • relative intensity  (4)
  • J31
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically-Pumped Far-Infrared Laser Lines in Hydrazine, Methanol, Heavy Water, and Ammonia: New Laser Lines and Frequency Measurements (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 725-730 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: hydrazine ; methanol ; heavy water ; ammonia ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A far-infrared laser cavity designed to favor short-wavelength laser lines was used to generate optically-pumped far-infrared laser radiation. New far-infrared laser lines were discovered in hydrazine, heavy water, ammonia, and several short-wavelength lines previously discovered in methanol were observed. Wavelength, frequency, and relative intensity measurements were performed on laser lines in the wavelength range 42.4 to 253.7 μm. Each far-infrared frequency measurement was obtained by mixing the far-infrared radiation with radiation from two reference CO2 lasers and from a microwave synthesizer in a metal-insulator-metal diode. The pump laser was a high-Q Fabry Perot resonator oscillating on 275 grating-selected laser lines including regular, sequence, and hot band lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026456425454
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically-Pumped Far-Infrared Laser Lines of Methanol Isotopomers: 12CH3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 731-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: 12CD3OH ; 12CH3OD ; 12CH2DOH ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically-pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity ; relative polarization ; pump-frequency offset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven new far-infrared laser lines from the isotopomers of methanol: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH, were obtained by optically-pumping the molecules with an efficient cw CO2 laser. The CO2 laser provided pumping from regular, sequence, and hot-band CO2 laser transitions. The 2-m long far-infrared cavity was a metal-dielectric waveguide closed by two, flat end mirrors. Several short-wavelength (below 100 μm) lines were observed. The frequencies of 28 laser lines observed in this cavity (including new lines and already known lines) were measured with a fractional uncertainty limited by the fractional resetability of the far-infrared laser cavity, of 2 parts in 107.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026408509524
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optically Pumped Far-Infrared Laser Lines of Methanol Isotopomers: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 21 (2000), S. 477-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: 12CD3OH ; 12CH3OD ; 12CH2DOH ; new far-infrared laser lines ; optically pumped far-infrared laser ; laser frequencies ; relative intensity ; relative polarization ; pump-frequency offset
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-seven new FIR, far-infrared, laser lines from the isotopomers of methanol: 12CD3OH, 12CH3OD, and 12CH2DOH, were obtained by optically pumping the molecules with an efficient cw CO2 laser. The CO2 laser provided pumping from regular, sequence, and hot-band CO2 laser transitions. The 2 m long far-infrared cavity was a metal-dielectric waveguide closed by two, flat end mirrors. Several short-wavelength (below 100 μm) lines were observed. The frequencies of 28 laser lines observed in this cavity (including new lines and already known lines) were measured with a fractional uncertainty limited by the fractional resetability of the far-infrared laser cavity, of 2 parts in 107.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006667300438
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New FIR laser lines and frequency measurements for optically pumped CD3OH (1987)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 8 (1987), S. 653-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: CD3OH laser lines ; laser frequency measurements ; optically pumped FIR laser ; new laser lines ; relative intensity ; relative polarization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Twenty new cw FIR laser lines in CD3OH, optically pumped by a CO2 laser, are reported. The frequencies of 39 of the stronger laser lines were measured relative to stabilized CO2 lasers with a fractional uncertainty, as determined by the reproducibility of the FIR frequency itself, of 2 parts in 107.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01010637
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  • 5
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    Radiometric correction of SAR images of varying terrain heights (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The advantages and disadvantages of three different approaches to solving the problem of the radiometric correction of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of varying terrain heights are presented. The first approach involves registration of a digital elevation model (DEM) of the terrain to the image, determination of the local elevation and incidence angles, and appropriate radiometric correction. The second approach uses a DEM generated from interferometric SAR data to derive the elevation and incidence angle maps. In the third approach, a monopulse technique is employed to determine the elevation angle only. The relative errors in radiometric correction between these approaches are assessed. Calibration errors are estimated using corner reflectors deployed within some of the scenes imaged by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory airborne SAR (JPL AIRSAR).
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 271-273.
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  • 6
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    An examination of the assumptions in the POLCAL cross-talk removal algorithm (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The POLCAL crosstalk removal algorithm is based on the statistical properties of the image background and does not need any corner reflector or active radar calibrator deployed in the scene. The advantage of being able to remove the crosstalk contamination without using external calibration targets gives rise to the consideration of algorithms based on clutter statistics in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images in more detail. The basic assumption of the POLCAL procedure is the decorrelation of copolarized and cross-polarized backscatter, which is valid for natural targets with azimuthal symmetry. This assumption and others regarding the properties of the imaged surface are examined. An improved version called POLCALII is presented, and its performance is compared with POLCAL.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1171-1173.
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  • 7
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    Design of a monopulse SAR system to determine elevation angles (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Terrain height variations in mountainous areas cause problems in radiometric corrections of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. To determine the elevation angle and the height at the different parts of an image, an application of the monopulse principle is proposed. From the ratios of images radiometrically modulated by the difference and sum antenna pattern in range it is possible to calculate the appropriate elevation angle at any point in the image. Design considerations for a corresponding airborne SAR-system are presented, and some estimates of error influences (e.g., ambiguities), expected performance and precision in topographic mapping are given.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 1 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 302-304.
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  • 8
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    Topographic mapping using a monopulse SAR system (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Terrain height variations in mountainous areas cause two problems in the radiometric correction of SAR images: the first being that the wrong elevation angle may be used in correcting for the radiometric variation of the antenna pattern; the second that the local incidence angle used in correcting the projection of the pixel area from slant range to ground range coordinates may vary from that given by the flat earth assumption. We propose a novel design of a SAR system which exploits the monopulse principle to determine the elevation angle and thus the height at the different parts of the image. The key element of such a phase monopulse system is an antenna, which can be divided into a lower and upper half in elevation using a monopulse comparator. In addition to the usual sum pattern, the elevation difference pattern can be generated by a -pi phase shift on one half of the antenna. From the ratios of images radiometrically modulated by the difference and sum antenna pattern in cross-track direction, we can derive the appropriate elevation angle at any point in the image. Together with the slant range we can calculate the height of the platform above this point using information on the antenna pointing and the platform attitude. This operation, repeated at many locations throughout the image, allows us to build up a topographic map of the height of the aircraft above each location. Inversion of this map, using the precisely determined aircraft altitude and the accurate flight path, leads to the actual topography of the imaged surface. The precise elevation of one point in the image could also be used to convert the height map to a topographic map. In this paper, we present design considerations for a corresponding airborne SAR system in X-Band and give estimates of the error due to system noise and azimuth ambiguities as well as the expected performance and precision in topographic mapping.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: gress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS); p 256
    Format: text
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