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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalized brillouin theorem multiconfiguration method for excited states (1977)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 44 (1977), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: MC method ; Excited states ; core hole states ; Carbon ; Lithium ; Water ; Formaldehyde
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The Generalized Brillouin Theorem Multiconfiguration Method (GBT-MC) of Grein and Chang is extended and applied to the calculation of excited states. Orthogonality constraints to lower states as well as second-order interaction effects of states lying close together have been taken into account. In this way quadratic convergence can be guaranteed. Difficulties with coupling coefficients and Lagrangian multipliers of SCF methods can be circumvented. Test calculations have been performed on valence electron excited states of C, H2O, and CH2O, and on core excited states of Li.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00548028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    Microwave maps of the polar ice of the earth (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Synoptic views of the entire polar regions of earth have been obtained free of the usual persistent cloud cover using a scanning microwave radiometer operating at a wavelength of 1.55 cm on board the Nimbus-5 satellite. Three different views at each pole are presented utilizing data obtained at approximately one-month intervals from December 1972 to February 1973. Large discrepancies exist between the long-term ice cover depicted in various atlases and the actual extent of the canopies. The distribution of multiyear ice in the north polar region is markedly different from that predicted by existing ice dynamics models. Irregularities in the edge of the Antarctic sea ice pack occur that have neither been observed previously nor anticipated. The brightness temperatures of the Greenland and Antarctic glaciers show interesting contours probably related to the ice and snow morphologic structure.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 55
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Microwave emission from dry and wet snow (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A microscopic model was developed to study the microwave emission from snow. In this model, the individual snow particles are considered to be the scattering centers. Mie scattering theory for spherical particles is then used to compute the volume scattering and extinction coefficients of the closely packed scattering spheres, which are assumed not to interact coherently. The results of the computations show significant volume scattering effects in the microwave region which result in low observed emissivities from cold, dry snow. In the case of wet snow, the microwave emissivities are increased considerably, in agreement with earlier experimental observations in which the brightness temperatures have increased significantly at the onset of melting.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: PAPER-27 , Operational Appl. of Satellite Snowcover Observations; p 399-407
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Microwave emission from snow and glacier ice (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The microwave brightness temperature for snow fields was studied assuming that the snow cover consists of closely packed scattering spheres which do not interact coherently. The Mie scattering theory was used to compute the volume scattering albedo. It is shown that in the wavelength range from 0.8 to 2.8 cm, most of the micro-radiation emanates from a layer 10 meters or less in thickness. It is concluded that it is possible to determine snow accumulation rates as well as near-surface temperature.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-TM-X-70871 , X-910-75-36
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Microwave signatures of snow, ice and soil at several wavelengths (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Analyses of data obtained from aircraft-borne radiometers have shown that the microwave signatures of various parts of the terrain depend on both the volume scattering cross-section and the dielectric loss in the medium. In soil, it has been found that experimental data fit a model in which the scattering cross section is negligible compared to the dielectric loss. On the other hand, the volume scattering cross-section in snow and continental ice was found, from analyzing data obtained with aircraft- and spacecraft-borne radiometers, to be more important than the dielectric loss or surface reflectivity in determining the observed microwave emissivity. A model which assumes Mie scattering of ice particles of various sizes was found to be the dominant volume scattering mechanism in these media. Both spectral variation in the microwave signatures of snow and ice fields, as well as the variation in the emissivity of continental ice sheets such as those covering Greenland and Antarctica appear to be consistent with this model.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Specialist Meeting on Microwave Scattering and Emission from the Earth; Sep 23, 1974 - Sep 26, 1974; Berne; Switzerland
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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