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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (21)
  • MECHANICAL ENGINEERING  (20)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (41)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1955-1959
  • 1
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    Covariance of biophysical data with digital topograpic and land use maps over the FIFE site (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper discusses the biophysical stratification of the FIFE site, implementation of the stratification utilizing geographic information system methods, and validation of the stratification with respect to field measurements of biomass, Bowen ratio, soil moisture, and the greenness vegetation index (GVI) derived from TM satellite data. Maps of burning and topographic position were significantly associated with variation in GVI, biomass, and Bowen ratio. The stratified design did not significantly alter the estimated site-wide means for surface climate parameters but accounted for between 25 and 45 percent of the sample variance depending on the variable.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; D17; p. 19,009-19,021.
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  • 2
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    Polarimetric and multifrequency SAR signatures of wet snow (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: C-, L-, and P-band polarimetric signatures of wet snow surfaces have been analyzed, based on airborne synthetic aperture radar (AIRSAR) surveys of an Alpine test site. The importance of surface roughness is evident in the C- and L-band signatures, whereas the diffuse scattering contribution by internal inhomogeneities in the snowpack increases from the C- to the P-band at incidence angles below 50 deg due to increasing penetration.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1658-1660.
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  • 3
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    Estimating chlorophyll content and bathymetry of Lake Tahoe using AVIRIS data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Data on chlorophyll content and bathymetry of Lake Tahoe obtained on August 9, 1990 by the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) are compared to concurrent in situ surface and in-water measurements. Measured parameters included profiles of percent transmission of monochromatic light, stimulated chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetically available radiation, spectral upwelling and downwelling irradiance, and upwelling radiance. Several analyses were performed illustrating the utility of the AVIRIS over a dark water scene. Image-derived chlorophyll concentration compared extremely well with that measured with bottle samples. A bathymetry map of the shallow parts of the lake was constructed which compares favorably with published lake soundings.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 44; 2-3; p. 217-230.
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  • 4
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    Opportunities in the commercial uses of remote sensing and GIS technologies - An overview of NASA's Visiting Investigator Program at Stennis Space Center (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Visiting Investigator Program (VIP) developed at NASA-Stennis' Science and Technology Laboratory (STL) allows U.S. industry to use the specialized resources of STL in the fields of remote sensing and GIS, with a view to the development of new commercial processes and improved services. Attention is given to the novel agreement mechanisms developed by NASA to implement VIP. These agreements encompass a memorandum of understanding, a technical exchange agreement, a sponsored-transfer agreement, a proprietary work agreement, and a joint endeavor agreement.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: PE&RS - Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing (ISSN 0099-1112); 59; 6; p. 935-939.
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  • 5
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    Inversion of snow parameters by neural network with iterative inversion (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The inversion of snow parameters from passive microwave remote sensing measurements is performed with a neural network trained with a dense media multiple scattering model. A constrained iterative inversion scheme is used. Inversion of four parameters is performed from five brightness temperatures. The four parameters are: mean grain size of ice particles in snow, snow density, snow temperature, and snow depth. The five brightness temperatures are that of 19-GHz vertical polarization, 19-GHz horizontal polarization, 22-GHz vertical polarization, 37-GHz vertical polarization, and 37-GHz horizontal polarization. Based on the neural network constrained iterative inversion algorithm, synthetic mapping of the terrain is performed. The retrieval of synthetic mapping has been achieved. The incorporation of ground truth information is considered.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1061-1063.
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  • 6
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    Inversion of parameters for semiarid regions by a neural network (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Microwave brightness temperatures obtained from a passive radiative transfer model are inverted through use of a neural network. The model is applicable to semiarid regions and produces dual-polarized brightness temperatures for 6.6-, 10.7-, and 37-GHz frequencies. A range of temperatures is generated by varying three geophysical parameters over acceptable ranges: soil moisture, vegetation moisture, and soil temperature. A multilayered perceptron (MLP) neural network is trained with a subset of the generated temperatures, and the remaining temperatures are inverted using a backpropagation method. Several synthetic terrains are devised and inverted by the network under local constraints. All the inversions show good agreement with the original geophysical parameters, falling within 5 percent of the actual value of the parameter range.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: In: IGARSS '92; Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Houston, TX, May 26-29, 1992. Vol. 2 (A93-47551 20-43); p. 1075-1077.
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  • 7
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    Influence of atmospheric aerosols and desert reflectance properties on satellite radiance measurements (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The influence of surface bidirectional reflectance factors, including shadowing, and of atmospheric aerosol variability are modeled for their effects on the remote sensing of desert targets from space in the 0.7-micron region at high spatial resolution. The white sand reflectance data of Salomonson (1968) are used as the basis for the simulation. The effects of the surface bi-directional reflectance and atmospheric aerosol on the nadir-normalized reflectance measured at the satellite are discussed individually and jointly. The net influence of these two factors is shown to depend on the magnitude of other parameters, such as the surface reflectance and solar zenith angle.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 13; 16; p. 3105-3126.
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  • 8
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    Relating P-band AIRSAR backscatter to forest stand parameters (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: As part of research on forest ecosystems, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and collaborating research teams have conducted multi-season airborne synthetic aperture radar (AIRSAR) experiments in three forest ecosystems including temperate pine forest (Duke, Forest, North Carolina), boreal forest (Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest, Alaska), and northern mixed hardwood-conifer forest (Michigan Biological Station, Michigan). The major research goals were to improve understanding of the relationships between radar backscatter and phenological variables (e.g. stand density, tree size, etc.), to improve radar backscatter models of tree canopy properties, and to develop a radar-based scheme for monitoring forest phenological changes. In September 1989, AIRSAR backscatter data were acquired over the Duke Forest. As the aboveground biomass of the loblolly pine forest stands at Duke Forest increased, the SAR backscatter at C-, L-, and P-bands increased and saturated at different biomass levels for the C-band, L-band, and P-band data. We only use the P-band backscatter data and ground measurements here to study the relationships between the backscatter and stand density, the backscatter and mean trunk dbh (diameter at breast height) of trees in the stands, and the backscatter and stand basal area.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: JPL, Summaries of the 4th Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop. Volume 3: AIRSAR Workshop; p 81-84
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  • 9
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    Cryogenic mechanisms for scanning and interchange of the Fabry-Perot interferometers in the ISO long wavelength spectrometer (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) is an ESA cornerstone mission for infrared astronomy. Schedules for launch in 1993, its four scientific instruments will provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at wavelengths which are inaccessible using ground-based techniques. One of these, the Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS), will operate in the 45 to 180 micron region (Emery et. al., 1985) and features two Fabry-Perot interferometers mounted on an interchange mechanism. The entire payload module of the spacecraft, comprising the 60 cm telescope and the four focal plane instruments, is maintained at 2 to 4 K by an onboard supply of liquid helium. The mechanical design and testing of the cryogenic interferometer and interchange mechanisms are described.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: JPL, The 25th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium; p 151-159
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  • 10
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    Robotic control and inspection verification (1991)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Three areas of possible commercialization involving robots at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) are discussed: a six degree-of-freedom target tracking system for remote umbilical operations; an intelligent torque sensing end effector for operating hand valves in hazardous locations; and an automatic radiator inspection device, a 13 by 65 foot robotic mechanism involving completely redundant motors, drives, and controls. Aspects concerning the first two innovations can be integrated to enable robots or teleoperators to perform tasks involving orientation and panal actuation operations that can be done with existing technology rather than waiting for telerobots to incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) to perform 'smart' autonomous operations. The third robot involves the application of complete control hardware redundancy to enable performance of work over and near expensive Space Shuttle hardware. The consumer marketplace may wish to explore commercialization of similiar component redundancy techniques for applications when a robot would not normally be used because of reliability concerns.
    Keywords: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA, Washington, Technology 2000, Volume 2; p 298-307
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