Publication Date:
2012-12-12
Description:
Mouse primordial germ cells (PGCs) undergo sequential epigenetic changes and genome-wide DNA demethylation to reset the epigenome for totipotency. Here, we demonstrate that erasure of CpG methylation (5mC) in PGCs occurs via conversion to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), driven by high levels of TET1 and TET2. Global conversion to 5hmC initiates asynchronously among PGCs at embryonic day (E) 9.5 to E10.5 and accounts for the unique process of imprint erasure. Mechanistically, 5hmC enrichment is followed by its protracted decline thereafter at a rate consistent with replication-coupled dilution. The conversion to 5hmC is an important component of parallel redundant systems that drive comprehensive reprogramming in PGCs. Nonetheless, we identify rare regulatory elements that escape systematic DNA demethylation in PGCs, providing a potential mechanistic basis for transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847602/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3847602/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hackett, Jamie A -- Sengupta, Roopsha -- Zylicz, Jan J -- Murakami, Kazuhiro -- Lee, Caroline -- Down, Thomas A -- Surani, M Azim -- 079249/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083089/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 083563/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 092096/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- RG44593/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- RG49135/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 25;339(6118):448-52. doi: 10.1126/science.1229277. Epub 2012 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223451" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
5-Methylcytosine/metabolism
;
Animals
;
CpG Islands
;
Cytosine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism
;
*DNA Methylation
;
DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
Embryo, Mammalian/*metabolism
;
Embryonic Development
;
*Epigenesis, Genetic
;
Female
;
*Genomic Imprinting
;
Germ Cells/*metabolism
;
Germ Layers/cytology
;
Male
;
Mice
;
Promoter Regions, Genetic
;
Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism
;
RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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