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  • Cyanobacteria  (9)
  • Springer  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evolutionary origin of red algae as deduced from the nuclear genes encoding cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from Chondrus crispus (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 38 (1994), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecular phylogeny of plastids and mitochondria ; Endosymbiotic origin ; Monophylesis ; Cyanobacteria ; Purple bacteria ; Transit peptide ; Neighbor joining method ; Bootstrapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Algae are a heterogeneous group of photosynthetic eukaryotes traditionally separated into three major subdivisions: rhodophytes, chlorophytes, and chromophytes. The evolutionary origin of rhodophytes or red algae and their links to other photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes have been a matter of much controversy and speculation. Here we present the first cDNAs of nuclear protein genes from red algae: Those encoding cytosolic and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) from Chondrus crispus. A phylogenetic analysis including GAPDH gene sequences from a number of eukaryotic taxa, cyanobacteria, and purple bacteria suggests that chloroplasts and rhodoplasts together form a monophyletic group of cyanobacterial descent and that rhodophytes separated from chlorophytes at about the same time as animals and fungi. The composite GAPDH tree further demonstrates that chloroplast and cytosolic GAPDH genes are closely related to their homologs in cyanobacteria and purple bacteria, respectively, the presumptive ancestors of chloroplasts and mitochondria, thereby firmly establishing the endosymbiotic origin of these nuclear genes and their fixation in eukaryotic cells before the rhodophyte/chlorophyte separation. The present data are in conflict with phylogenetic inferences based on plastid-encoded rbcL sequences supporting a polyphyletic origin of rhodoplasts and chloroplasts. Comparison of rbcL to GAPDH phylogenies suggests that rbcL trees may be misleading because they are composed of branches representing ancient duplicated (paralogous) genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163149
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of cell surface hydrophobicity in the benthic cyanobacterium Phormidium J-1 (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 21-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cell-surface modulation ; Hydrophobicity ; Cyanobacteria ; Phormidium J-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A shift from cell-surface hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity was experimentally induced in the benthic hydrophobic cyanobacterium Phormidium sp. strain J-1, by mechanical shearing, chloramphenicol, and proteolytic treatment after preincubation with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Treatment with SDS alone, while releasing large amounts of protein and carbohydrates from the cell wall, did not affect cell surface hydrophobicity. Ultrastructural analysis showed the cells, to be enveloped by a double-layered minicapsule. Treatments affecting cellsurface hydrophobicity also caused changes in capsular components. A model, describing cell-surface structure, composition and properties in Phormidium J-1, was constructed by correlating ultrastructural data with surface properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409231
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of nitrate and nitrite reductases in dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria and Nif− mutants (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 151 (1989), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Nitrate uptake ; Nitrite reductase ; Nitrite uptake ; Cyanobacteria ; Anabaena ; Calothrix ; Nostoc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the nitrogen source on nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase synthesis has been studied in several filamentous dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria belonging to the genera Anabaena, Nostoc and Calothrix. Nitrate and nitrite uptake were also studied. High levels of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were found only in the presence of nitrate or nitrite, as long as ammonium was absent from the culture medium. On the other hand, whereas nitrate uptake is an active process, two components, diffusion of nitrous acid and active transport of nitrite, appear to contribute to nitrite uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454861
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of salt- and heat-induced alterations of protein synthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 155 (1991), S. 587-592 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Salt shock ; Heat shock ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protein synthesis of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis spec. PCC 6803 decreases after a 684 mM NaCl salt shock. Qualitative changes were observed during the shock and the subsequent adaptation process using one-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Proteins of apparent molecular masses of 13.0, 14.2, 16.6, 20.0, 21.0, 23.0, 33.0, 47.0, 52.0, 65.0 and 72.0 kDa are synthesized at enhanced rates after salt stress. The proteins of 14.2, 21.1 and 52.0 kDa are transiently induced during the first hours of the adaptation phase, while the other proteins are also synthesized at enhanced rates in salt-adapted cells. The proteins of 14.2, 23.0, 33.0 and 65.0 kDa are also induced by heat shock (43°C). Heat shock proteins of about 88.0, 75.0, 58.0, 17.5 and 13.8 kDa, in contrast, are induced by heat shock but not by salt. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis showed that the induced salt and heat shock proteins in some cases consisted of isoforms of different isoelectric points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245354
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen formation by cyanobacteria cultures selected for nitrogen fixation (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 123 (1979), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Hydrogen production ; Nitrogen fixation ; Photosynthesis ; Cyanobacteria ; Enrichment cultures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventy-one cyanobacteria containing cultures were enriched from various soil and water locations either under aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions on agar medium selective for nitrogen fixation. Kept under argon containing 1% CO2 for 24 and 48 h most of these cultures evolved hydrogen at very variable rates up to 116 μl per mg chlorophyll and hour as a mean value over a time period of 24h. Several samples evolved hydrogen more efficiently compared with known hydrogen producing pure strains from culture collections. Thirty-one of the investigated cultures showed a hydrogen formation higher than 10 μl per mg chlorophyll and hour measured over 24 or 48 h. Among these all the morphological forms of cyanobacteria i.e. unicellular and filamentous with or without heterocysts are found. Hence, selecting for nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria seems to be a practical method to find efficient hydrogen producers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406654
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection and characterization of mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 unable to tolerate high salt concentrations (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 158 (1992), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Glucosylglycerol ; Random cartridge mutagenesis ; Salt tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three mutants of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 unable to tolerate high salt concentrations were generated using random cartridge mutagenesis. Analysis of the phenotypes revealed that the salt sensitivity of one mutant (6803/143) is caused by a block in the synthesis of the osmoprotective substance glucosylglycerol, while in the two other mutants no physiological defect could be detected which was responsible for the loss of salt tolerance. Southern hybridization analyses and cloning of the integration sites of the resistance marker demonstrated that different genes are affected in each of the three mutants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00276304
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure and development of the colonial sheath of Microcystis marginata (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 106 (1975), S. 209-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Colonial sheath ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The colonial sheath of Microcystis marginata has a definite structure as seen by light and electron microscopy, consisting of a relatively smooth inner surface and densely packed, long fibrils on the outer surface. The sheath initially forms around the single cell and expands by continual deposition of sheath material to accomodate the synchronously dividing cells of the colony.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446525
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of cell wall and photosynthetic apparatus of the phycobilisome-less Synechocystis sp. strain BO 8402 and phycobilisome-containing derivative strain BO 9201 (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 162 (1994), S. 222-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words     Autofluorescence ; Cell wall structure ; Clusters of photosystem I and II ; Cyanobacteria ; Freeze-fracture of thylakoids ; Microplasmodesmata ; Phycobiliprotein inclusion bodies ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract      The ultrastructures of two closely related strains of a novel diazotrophic cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. BO 8402 and BO 9201, were examined using ultrathin sections and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Cells of both strains were surrounded by an unusual thick peptidoglycan layer. Substructures in the layer indicated the presence of microplasmodesmata aligned perpendicular to the free cell surface and in the septum of dividing cells. Synechocystis sp. strain BO 8402 contained lobed, electron-opaque, highly fluorescent inclusion bodies consisting of phycocyanin-linker complexes. The thylakoids lacked phycobilisomes and accommodated, in addition to randomly distributed exoplasmic freeze-fracture particles, patches of two-dimensionally ordered arrays of dimeric photosystem II particles in the exoplasmic fracture face. Determination of photosystem I and photosystem II suggested an increase of photosystem II in strain BO 8402. Strain BO 9201 performed phycobilisome-supported photosynthesis and showed rows of dimeric photosystem II particles in the exoplasmic fracture face. Corresponding particle-free grooves in the protoplasmic fracture face were lined by a class of large particles tentatively assigned as trimers of photosystem I. The different lateral organization of protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes and the fine structure of the cell wall are discussed with respect to absorption cross-section of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301842
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromate (VI) uptake by and interactions with cyanobacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Chromate ; Cyanobacteria ; Short-term uptake ; Biosorption ; Reduction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The short-term accumulation of chromate by the cyanobacteriaAnabaena variabilis andSynechococcus PCC 6301 has been described as consisting of a rapid and relatively low level of biosorption of chromate to the cell walls; no energy-dependent uptake was detected. This biosorption was dependent on chromate concentration and could be described by a Freundlich adsorption isotherm for both cyanobacterial species studied. Decreasing the external pH increased the chromate accumulation by both species. Over a longer time period with growth it was shown thatA. variabilis was capable of reducing chromate (VI) to chromium (III) and then accumulating the chromium (III).Synechococcus PCC 6301 showed no further interaction with chromate concentrations over the same time period after the initial biosorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01569935
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