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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-12-12
    Description: Dendritic cell specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM-3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), a C-type lectin present on the surface of dendritic cells, mediates the initial interaction of dendritic cells with T cells by binding to ICAM-3. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR, a related receptor found on the endothelium of liver sinusoids, placental capillaries, and lymph nodes, bind to oligosaccharides that are present on the envelope of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), an interaction that strongly promotes viral infection of T cells. Crystal structures of carbohydrate-recognition domains of DC-SIGN and of DC-SIGNR bound to oligosaccharide, in combination with binding studies, reveal that these receptors selectively recognize endogenous high-mannose oligosaccharides and may represent a new avenue for developing HIV prophylactics.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feinberg, H -- Mitchell, D A -- Drickamer, K -- Weis, W I -- GM50565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 7;294(5549):2163-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Structural Biology, University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11739956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylglucosamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Calcium/metabolism ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Carbohydrate Sequence ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Collectins ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Glycoproteins/chemistry/metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Lectins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; *Lectins, C-Type ; Ligands ; Mannose/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligosaccharides/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*chemistry/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is the prototypical member of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that mediate cellular responses to thrombin and related proteases. Thrombin irreversibly activates PAR1 by cleaving the amino-terminal exodomain of the receptor, which exposes a tethered peptide ligand that binds the heptahelical bundle of the receptor to affect G-protein activation. Here we report the 2.2 A resolution crystal structure of human PAR1 bound to vorapaxar, a PAR1 antagonist. The structure reveals an unusual mode of drug binding that explains how a small molecule binds virtually irreversibly to inhibit receptor activation by the tethered ligand of PAR1. In contrast to deep, solvent-exposed binding pockets observed in other peptide-activated G-protein-coupled receptors, the vorapaxar-binding pocket is superficial but has little surface exposed to the aqueous solvent. Protease-activated receptors are important targets for drug development. The structure reported here will aid the development of improved PAR1 antagonists and the discovery of antagonists to other members of this receptor family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531875/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3531875/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Cheng -- Srinivasan, Yoga -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Fung, Juan Jose -- Palmer, Daniel -- Zheng, Yaowu -- Green, Hillary F -- Pandey, Anjali -- Dror, Ron O -- Shaw, David E -- Weis, William I -- Coughlin, Shaun R -- Kobilka, Brian K -- HL44907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL65590/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL044907/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065185/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL065590/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):387-92. doi: 10.1038/nature11701. Epub 2012 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23222541" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Binding Sites ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation/genetics ; Humans ; Hydrolysis ; Lactones/chemistry/pharmacology ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control ; Protein Conformation ; Pyridines/chemistry/pharmacology ; Receptor, PAR-1/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry/classification ; Receptors, Thrombin
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-07-21
    Description: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for the majority of cellular responses to hormones and neurotransmitters as well as the senses of sight, olfaction and taste. The paradigm of GPCR signalling is the activation of a heterotrimeric GTP binding protein (G protein) by an agonist-occupied receptor. The beta(2) adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) activation of Gs, the stimulatory G protein for adenylyl cyclase, has long been a model system for GPCR signalling. Here we present the crystal structure of the active state ternary complex composed of agonist-occupied monomeric beta(2)AR and nucleotide-free Gs heterotrimer. The principal interactions between the beta(2)AR and Gs involve the amino- and carboxy-terminal alpha-helices of Gs, with conformational changes propagating to the nucleotide-binding pocket. The largest conformational changes in the beta(2)AR include a 14 A outward movement at the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) and an alpha-helical extension of the cytoplasmic end of TM5. The most surprising observation is a major displacement of the alpha-helical domain of Galphas relative to the Ras-like GTPase domain. This crystal structure represents the first high-resolution view of transmembrane signalling by a GPCR.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184188/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3184188/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rasmussen, Soren G F -- DeVree, Brian T -- Zou, Yaozhong -- Kruse, Andrew C -- Chung, Ka Young -- Kobilka, Tong Sun -- Thian, Foon Sun -- Chae, Pil Seok -- Pardon, Els -- Calinski, Diane -- Mathiesen, Jesper M -- Shah, Syed T A -- Lyons, Joseph A -- Caffrey, Martin -- Gellman, Samuel H -- Steyaert, Jan -- Skiniotis, Georgios -- Weis, William I -- Sunahara, Roger K -- Kobilka, Brian K -- GM083118/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM75915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM75913/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P60DK-20572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM008270/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54GM094599/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jul 19;477(7366):549-55. doi: 10.1038/nature10361.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21772288" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Animals ; Catalytic Domain ; Cattle ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Enzyme Activation ; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/*metabolism
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-01-14
    Description: G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are eukaryotic integral membrane proteins that modulate biological function by initiating cellular signalling in response to chemically diverse agonists. Despite recent progress in the structural biology of GPCRs, the molecular basis for agonist binding and allosteric modulation of these proteins is poorly understood. Structural knowledge of agonist-bound states is essential for deciphering the mechanism of receptor activation, and for structure-guided design and optimization of ligands. However, the crystallization of agonist-bound GPCRs has been hampered by modest affinities and rapid off-rates of available agonists. Using the inactive structure of the human beta(2) adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR) as a guide, we designed a beta(2)AR agonist that can be covalently tethered to a specific site on the receptor through a disulphide bond. The covalent beta(2)AR-agonist complex forms efficiently, and is capable of activating a heterotrimeric G protein. We crystallized a covalent agonist-bound beta(2)AR-T4L fusion protein in lipid bilayers through the use of the lipidic mesophase method, and determined its structure at 3.5 A resolution. A comparison to the inactive structure and an antibody-stabilized active structure (companion paper) shows how binding events at both the extracellular and intracellular surfaces are required to stabilize an active conformation of the receptor. The structures are in agreement with long-timescale (up to 30 mus) molecular dynamics simulations showing that an agonist-bound active conformation spontaneously relaxes to an inactive-like conformation in the absence of a G protein or stabilizing antibody.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074335/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3074335/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenbaum, Daniel M -- Zhang, Cheng -- Lyons, Joseph A -- Holl, Ralph -- Aragao, David -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Rasmussen, Soren G F -- Choi, Hee-Jung -- Devree, Brian T -- Sunahara, Roger K -- Chae, Pil Seok -- Gellman, Samuel H -- Dror, Ron O -- Shaw, David E -- Weis, William I -- Caffrey, Martin -- Gmeiner, Peter -- Kobilka, Brian K -- 50GM073210/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM56169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM75915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- M083118/PHS HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P01 GM75913/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P60DK-20572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM068603/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS028471-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Jan 13;469(7329):236-40. doi: 10.1038/nature09665.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21228876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Disulfides/chemistry/metabolism ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Bilayers/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Procaterol/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2012-02-24
    Description: Acetylcholine, the first neurotransmitter to be identified, exerts many of its physiological actions via activation of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) known as muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Although the five mAChR subtypes (M1-M5) share a high degree of sequence homology, they show pronounced differences in G-protein coupling preference and the physiological responses they mediate. Unfortunately, despite decades of effort, no therapeutic agents endowed with clear mAChR subtype selectivity have been developed to exploit these differences. We describe here the structure of the G(q/11)-coupled M3 mAChR ('M3 receptor', from rat) bound to the bronchodilator drug tiotropium and identify the binding mode for this clinically important drug. This structure, together with that of the G(i/o)-coupled M2 receptor, offers possibilities for the design of mAChR subtype-selective ligands. Importantly, the M3 receptor structure allows a structural comparison between two members of a mammalian GPCR subfamily displaying different G-protein coupling selectivities. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that tiotropium binds transiently to an allosteric site en route to the binding pocket of both receptors. These simulations offer a structural view of an allosteric binding mode for an orthosteric GPCR ligand and provide additional opportunities for the design of ligands with different affinities or binding kinetics for different mAChR subtypes. Our findings not only offer insights into the structure and function of one of the most important GPCR families, but may also facilitate the design of improved therapeutics targeting these critical receptors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529910/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3529910/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruse, Andrew C -- Hu, Jianxin -- Pan, Albert C -- Arlow, Daniel H -- Rosenbaum, Daniel M -- Rosemond, Erica -- Green, Hillary F -- Liu, Tong -- Chae, Pil Seok -- Dror, Ron O -- Shaw, David E -- Weis, William I -- Wess, Jurgen -- Kobilka, Brian K -- GM56169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083118/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Feb 22;482(7386):552-6. doi: 10.1038/nature10867.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22358844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/chemistry/metabolism ; Allosteric Site ; Animals ; COS Cells ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Kinetics ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Radioligand Assay ; Rats ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Scopolamine Derivatives/chemistry/metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; Tiotropium Bromide
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-01-05
    Description: A complete and accurate set of experimental crystallographic phases to a resolution of 1.8 angstroms was obtained for a 230-residue dimeric fragment of rat mannose-binding protein A with the use of multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) phasing. An accurate image of the crystal structure could thus be obtained without resort to phases calculated from a model. Partially reduced disulfide bonds, local disorder, and differences in the mobility of chemically equivalent molecules are apparent in the experimental electron density map. A solvation layer is visible that includes well-ordered sites of hydration around polar and charged protein atoms, as well as diffuse, partially disordered solvent shells around exposed hydrophobic groups. Because the experimental phases and the resulting electron density map are free from the influence of a model, they provide a stringent test of theoretical models of macromolecular solvation, motion, and conformational heterogeneity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burling, F T -- Weis, W I -- Flaherty, K M -- Brunger, A T -- GM50565/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 5;271(5245):72-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8539602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carrier Proteins/*chemistry ; Chemistry, Physical ; Crystallization ; *Crystallography, X-Ray ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Mannose/*metabolism ; *Mannose-Binding Lectin ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Physicochemical Phenomena ; *Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Solvents ; Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors constitute the largest family of eukaryotic signal transduction proteins that communicate across the membrane. We report the crystal structure of a human beta2-adrenergic receptor-T4 lysozyme fusion protein bound to the partial inverse agonist carazolol at 2.4 angstrom resolution. The structure provides a high-resolution view of a human G protein-coupled receptor bound to a diffusible ligand. Ligand-binding site accessibility is enabled by the second extracellular loop, which is held out of the binding cavity by a pair of closely spaced disulfide bridges and a short helical segment within the loop. Cholesterol, a necessary component for crystallization, mediates an intriguing parallel association of receptor molecules in the crystal lattice. Although the location of carazolol in the beta2-adrenergic receptor is very similar to that of retinal in rhodopsin, structural differences in the ligand-binding site and other regions highlight the challenges in using rhodopsin as a template model for this large receptor family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583103/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2583103/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cherezov, Vadim -- Rosenbaum, Daniel M -- Hanson, Michael A -- Rasmussen, Soren G F -- Thian, Foon Sun -- Kobilka, Tong Sun -- Choi, Hee-Jung -- Kuhn, Peter -- Weis, William I -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Stevens, Raymond C -- F32 GM082028/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075915/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM062411/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM089857/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075811/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM074961-030001/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1258-65. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962520" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Cholesterol/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; Humans ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Rhodopsin/chemistry/metabolism ; Static Electricity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2007-10-27
    Description: The beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR) is a well-studied prototype for heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that respond to diffusible hormones and neurotransmitters. To overcome the structural flexibility of the beta2AR and to facilitate its crystallization, we engineered a beta2AR fusion protein in which T4 lysozyme (T4L) replaces most of the third intracellular loop of the GPCR ("beta2AR-T4L") and showed that this protein retains near-native pharmacologic properties. Analysis of adrenergic receptor ligand-binding mutants within the context of the reported high-resolution structure of beta2AR-T4L provides insights into inverse-agonist binding and the structural changes required to accommodate catecholamine agonists. Amino acids known to regulate receptor function are linked through packing interactions and a network of hydrogen bonds, suggesting a conformational pathway from the ligand-binding pocket to regions that interact with G proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosenbaum, Daniel M -- Cherezov, Vadim -- Hanson, Michael A -- Rasmussen, Soren G F -- Thian, Foon Sun -- Kobilka, Tong Sun -- Choi, Hee-Jung -- Yao, Xiao-Jie -- Weis, William I -- Stevens, Raymond C -- Kobilka, Brian K -- F32 GM082028/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS028471/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM073197/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P50 GM62411/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM056169/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075811/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 23;318(5854):1266-73. Epub 2007 Oct 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17962519" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenergic beta-Agonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/chemistry/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Bacteriophage T4/enzymology ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry/metabolism ; Ligands ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muramidase/chemistry/metabolism ; Propanolamines/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2016-03-10
    Description: Muscarinic M1-M5 acetylcholine receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors that regulate many vital functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In particular, the M1 and M4 receptor subtypes have emerged as attractive drug targets for treatments of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, but the high conservation of the acetylcholine-binding pocket has spurred current research into targeting allosteric sites on these receptors. Here we report the crystal structures of the M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors bound to the inverse agonist, tiotropium. Comparison of these structures with each other, as well as with the previously reported M2 and M3 receptor structures, reveals differences in the orthosteric and allosteric binding sites that contribute to a role in drug selectivity at this important receptor family. We also report identification of a cluster of residues that form a network linking the orthosteric and allosteric sites of the M4 receptor, which provides new insight into how allosteric modulation may be transmitted between the two spatially distinct domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thal, David M -- Sun, Bingfa -- Feng, Dan -- Nawaratne, Vindhya -- Leach, Katie -- Felder, Christian C -- Bures, Mark G -- Evans, David A -- Weis, William I -- Bachhawat, Priti -- Kobilka, Tong Sun -- Sexton, Patrick M -- Kobilka, Brian K -- Christopoulos, Arthur -- U19 GM106990/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Y1-CO-1020/CO/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Y1-GM-1104/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2016 Mar 17;531(7594):335-40. doi: 10.1038/nature17188. Epub 2016 Mar 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Drug Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, 3052, Victoria, Australia. ; ConfometRx, 3070 Kenneth Street, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA. ; Neuroscience, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. ; Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. ; Computational Chemistry and Chemoinformatics, Eli Lilly, Sunninghill Road, Windlesham GU20 6PH, UK. ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA. ; Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26958838" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/metabolism ; Allosteric Regulation/drug effects ; Allosteric Site/drug effects ; Alzheimer Disease ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Drug Inverse Agonism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Nicotinic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology ; Receptor, Muscarinic M1/*chemistry/metabolism ; Receptor, Muscarinic M4/*chemistry/metabolism ; Schizophrenia ; Static Electricity ; Substrate Specificity ; Surface Properties ; Thiophenes/metabolism/pharmacology ; Tiotropium Bromide/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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