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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 206 (1980), S. 319-332 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Lysosome-related bodies ; Membrane turnover ; Photoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of illumination on the degradation of microvillar membrane in the invertebrate photoreceptor cell has been correlated with the appearance in the cytoplasm of certain distinct lysosome-related bodies. Three types of organelles were distinguished in the retinula cell cytoplasm of the crayfish, multivesicular bodies (MVB), both large (4.20-1.50 μm) and small (1.49-0.30 μm), combination bodies (CB), and lamellar bodies (LB). Under diurnal lighting conditions significant temporal differences were found in the appearance of these three classes of organelles in the retinula cell. Small MVB are present at a consistent level throughout most of the diurnal cycle but show peak numbers at 30 min after light onset and again after 6 h of dark adaptation. Large MVB increase significantly 1 h after light onset and remain elevated through 4 h in the light. After 4 h the large MVB decline gradually for the remaining light period. Combination bodies and LB do not begin to increase until 1 h after light onset and are at peak levels between 4 and 6 h into the light period. The minimum rhabdome diameter coincides with the peak levels of large MVB, CB, and LB. These data support the hypothesis that light causes microvillar membrane breakdown, resulting in the initial production of MVB which in turn undergo degradation to form CB and finally LB. This primary degradative response appears to be completed within the first 8 h of the light period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Medulla externa ; Synaptic terminals ; Photoreceptor endings ; Eighth retinula cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Within the medulla externa of the crayfish compound eye a class of axonal endings with similar characteristics to the photoreceptor terminals of the lamina ganglionaris were studied with light and electron microscopic techniques. These terminals are restricted to the superficial layers of the medulla externa and each is marked by a rod-shaped inclusion selectively impregnated with reduced silver methods. Electron microscopy of the medullary terminals confirms the presence of a rod inclusion composed of fine regularly arranged filaments. These inclusions are often closely associated with mitochondria and glycogen deposits within the endings. Synaptic contacts made by these terminals are characterized by a presynaptic ribbon density which is in contact with two or three postsynaptic elements. Often one postsynaptic element participates in more than one synaptic complex. Numerous invaginated processes, microtubules, synaptic vesicles, and ER cisternae are also present in the medullary terminals. The eighth retinula cell in the retina of the crayfish studied here resembles that previously observed by Nässel (1976). The similarity of the medullary terminals to the photoreceptor endings in the lamina suggest that they may belong to one of the eight photoreceptor cells forming an ommatidium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Compound eye ; Structural asymmetries ; Crayfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The existence of structural asymmetries has been quantitatively demonstrated in the crayfish compound eye. Variations in the size of the rhabdomes and corneal facets, as well as the size and extent of the accessory reflecting pigment cells, have been found. It was determined that the mean rhabdome diameter within a 70° arc in the dorsal quadrant of the retina is 11–19% smaller than the mean rhabdome diameter in the remaining areas of the eye. Also, the extent of the accessory reflecting pigment cells is diminished over an area corresponding generally to the dorsal region of smaller rhabdomes. Corneal facet size and shape vary over the surface of the cornea, with smaller facets occurring in the dorsal region. Both the mean rhabdome diameter and the mean corneal facet area for whole eyes increases linearly in animals ranging in size from 3.9–12 cm. The estimated number of corneal facets, and therefore the number of rhabdomes, increases from an average of 4700 in the 3–6.9 cm size range to about 6000 in 7–12 cm animals. These data indicate that structural asymmetries and various size-related parameters exist in the crayfish eye and should be considered in any quantitative analysis of this structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 243 (1986), S. 109-115 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Crayfish ; Photopigment ; Fucose ; Mannose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated crayfish retinas were incubated for 8 h in the light in a medium containing either 3H-fucose or 3H-mannose. Following this incubation, the rhabdom membranes were isolated, the pigment reduced with boranedimethylamine, and extracted with SDS detergent. The membrane-protein extract was separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The photopigment band on the gels was identified by its fluorescence upon exposure to long wavelength ultraviolet light. Determination of the distribution of radioactivity in the gels indicated that both fucose and mannose labeled the photopigment and other glycoproteins. Hydrolysis of the sugars from the labeled photopigment bands, followed by thin layer chromatography, further confirmed that both sugars were incorporated into newly synthesized photopigment without modification. These results provide the first reported data on the partial composition of the carbohydrate moiety of an invertebrate photopigment. These findings on the crayfish photopigment are compared with data from vertebrate rhodopsin and photopigment of other invertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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