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  • Chemistry  (106)
  • Computer Systems  (28)
  • Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems  (11)
  • Computer Operations and Hardware  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 510-513 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 8 (1964), S. 2653-2659 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sol rubber dissolved in three solvents - cyclohexane, petroleum ether (40-60°C. fraction), and toluene - was degraded by ultrasonic waves, the degradation kinetics being followed by measuring spectrophotometrically the consumption of the free radical scavenger α,α′-diphenyl-β-picryl hydrazyl. The kinetic data have been examined by the rate equations developed from two different approaches: one by Jellinek and the other by Ovenall. It has been observed that the number of bonds broken as a function of time can be fitted equally well by both equations in the initial stage, but as the time of degradation increases, especially when the number-average degree of polymerization attains a value less than 3Pe/2, the rate can be described better by Jellinek's equation than that of Ovenall. The rate constants K and the final degree of polymerization for rubber are found to depend on the nature of the solvent.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of degradation of butyl rubber in two solvents, cyclohexane and toluene, was studied by two independent techniques: viscosity measurements and free-radical estimation as a function of DPPH consumed. The general shape of the rate curves in the two cases is similar, but not identical. The rate given by estimation of DPPH is faster than that obtained from solution viscosity data. This has been attributed to the inherent limitations of the two methods for the quantitative determination of the number of breaks occurring in the polymer molecules. The rate is also reduced as the viscosity of the solution medium is increased, which may be correlated with the reduction of the cavitation effect responsible for degradation. The degradation rates in two solvent media initially having the same viscosity were unequal. This may be due to different solvent-solute characteristics, which means that the viscosity and cavitation change to different extents in the two cases throughout the course of degradation. The limiting degree of Polymerization (DP)∞ obtained after prolonged irradiation has been found to be dependent on parameters such as intensity of irradiation, solution viscosity, and initial DP of the molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 54 (1997), S. 583-594 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: trickle-bed biofilter ; mathematical model ; volatile organic compound (VOC) ; waste gas treatment ; biofiltration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this article is to define and validate a mathematical model that desribes the physical and biological processes occurring in a trickle-bed air biofilter for waste gas treatment. This model considers a two-phase system, quasi-steady-state processes, uniform bacterial population, and one limiting substrate. The variation of the specific surface area with bacterial growth is included in the model, and its effect on the biofilter performance is analyzed. This analysis leads to the conclusion that excessive accumulation of biomass in the reactor has a negative effect on contaminant removal efficiency. To solve this problem, excess biomass is removed via full media fluidization and backwashing of the biofilter. The backwashing technique is also incorporated in the model as a process variable. Experimental data from the biodegradation of toluene in a pilot system with four packed-bed reactors are used to validate the model. Once the model is calibrated with the estimation of the unknown parameters of the system, it is used to simulate the biofilter performance for different operating conditions. Model predictions are found to be in agreement with experimental data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 583-594, 1997.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 43-53 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acetate ; anaerobic biofilms ; mass transfer ; pH ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A detailed model acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms accounting for the diffusion of neutral and ionic species, chemical equilibrium, electroneutrality, gas production within the biofilm, pH-dependent Monod kinetics, and the presence of a concentration boundary layer is presented. The model qualitatively fits the pH profiles that are reported for acetate-utilizing methanogenic aggregates. A sensitivity analysis on the biological parameters showed that the flux of acetate is sensitive to the maximum utilization rate, half-saturation constant, and biofilm density for the bulk conditions investigated. Criteria when traditional biofilm models can be used to predict the flux of acetate into the biofilm are established. If the maximum pH change predicted using a hypothetical system is within ±0.05, the traditional model predicts the flux to within ±5% of the value calculated with the model developed in this study. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A convenient method of preparing zinc ethylenediamine complex (ZED) solution for use as solvent for cellulose pulp is described, and the advantages in using this solvent (0.25M zinc in 41% ethylenediamine in water) over cupriethylenediamine (CED) or cuprammonium solutions for viscometric determination of molecular weight of cellulose are indicated. Intrinsic viscosities of eight rayon-grade pulp solutions have been determined at four temperatures: 15, 20, 25, and 30°C. The constants K = 5.85 × 10-5 and a = 0.936 of the Mark-Houwink equation [η] = KMna, required for evaluating the molecular weight of cellulose pulps in ZED solution, have been determined by using the molecular weight values obtained from CED solutions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 54-61 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: anaerobic biofilm ; CSTR ; reactors, nonide ; pH ; plug-flow reactors ; biofilm modeling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rigorous steady-state model of anaerobic biofilm reactors taking into account acid-base and gas-phase equilibria in the reactor in conjunction with detailed chemical equilibria and mass transfer in acetate-utilizing methanogenic biofilms is presented. The performances of ideal completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug-flow reactors, as well as reactors with nonideal hydraulic conditions, are simulated. Decreasing the surface loading rate increases the acetate removal efficiency, while decreasing the influent pH and increasing the buffering capacity improves the removal efficiency only if the bulk pH of the reactor shifts toward more optimal values between 6.8 to 7.0. The reactor can have negative or positive removal efficiencies depending on the start-up conditions. The respiration coefficient plays a critical role in determining the minimum influent pH required for reactor recovery after failure. Having multiple CSTRs-in-series generally increases the overall removal efficiency for the influent conditions investigated. Monitoring of the influent feed quality is critical for plug-flow reactors, becasue failure of the initial sections of the reactor may cause a cascading effect that may lead to a rapid reactor failure. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 2199-2209 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of low-temperature (60-100°C.) thermal degradation of deproteinized and deresinified petroleum ether soluble fraction of natural rubber in two chemically inert solvents, cyclohexane and trans-decalin, have been studied. The changes in Mw, A2, and (r2)1/2 at various stages of degradation have been obtained from the lightscattering data. The rate constants and the energy of activation for chain scission have been calculated from the observed variation in Mu. The scission has been found to be random and the average energy of activation is 25.8 kcal./mole. This low-energy requirement suggests the presence of weak links in the rubber molecule which get ruptured at low temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 199 (1931), S. 400-405 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemilumineszenz wurde beobachtet, als die folgenden Farbstoffe durch Ozon oder Wasserstoffperoxyd und Ferrosulfat oxydiert wurden: Safranin, Acridinorange, Thioflavin, Alizarinblau, Auramin G, Capriblau, Methylenblau BB, Methylenblau R, Rhodamin 6 G, Rhodamin B, Viktoriablau A, Methylorange, Malachitgrün, Thionin, Äthylgrün, Indigocarmin, Hämatoxylin, Curcumin S, Cartharamin D.
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