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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The ascent of hydrous magma prior to volcanic eruptions is largely driven by the formation of H2O vesicles and their subsequent growth upon further decompression. Porosity controls buoyancy as well as vesicle coalescence and percolation, and is important when identifying the differences between equilibrium or disequilibrium degassing from textural analysis of eruptive products. Decompression experiments are routinely used to simulate magma ascent. Samples exposed to high temperature (T) and pressure (P) are decompressed and rapidly cooled to ambient T for analysis. During cooling, fluid vesicles may shrink due to decrease of the molar volume of H2O and by resorption of H2O back into the melt driven by solubility increase with decreasing T at P 〈 300 MPa. Here, we quantify the extent to which vesicles shrink during cooling, using a series of decompression experiments with hydrous phonolitic melt (5.3–3.3 wt% H2O, T between 1323 and 1373 K, decompressed from 200 to 110–20 MPa). Most samples degassed at near-equilibrium conditions during decompression. However, the porosities of quenched samples are significantly lower than expected equilibrium porosities prior to cooling. At a cooling rate of 44 K·s−1, the fictive temperature Tf, where vesicle shrinkage stops, is up to 200 K above the glass transition temperature (Tg), Furthermore, decreasing cooling rate enhances vesicles shrinkage. We assess the implications of these findings on previous experimental degassing studies using phonolitic melt, and highlight the importance of correctly interpreting experimental porosity data, before any comparison to natural volcanic ejecta can be attempted.
    Description: German Science Foundation
    Keywords: ddc:550.78 ; Decompression experiments ; Vesiculation ; Vesicle shrinkage ; Quench effect ; H2O resorption ; Fictive temperature
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 26 (1984), S. 547-569 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New experimental studies of the infrared spectra of uracil, 1-methyluracil, 3-methyluracil, and 1,3-dimethyluracil all isolated in Ar matrices at 10 K are compared with calculated spectra. The calculations for uracil are ab initio quantum-mechanical calculations of frequencies and intensities reported by us recently, and the CNDO calculations by Harsanyi and Csaszar. Both simulated calculated spectra agree quite well with the experimental infrared spectrum of matrix isolated uracil. Additional calculations have been made for the methyl-substituted uracils by transferring the ab initio calculated force constants and intensity parameters from uracil. A comparison of these calculated infrared spectra for 1-methyl-, 3-methyl-, and 1,3-dimethyluracil with the experimental spectra indicates the quality of the agreement. The potential-energy distributions are given for all the fundamental modes of the deuterated uracil derivatives and for the methyluracil molecules for the three fundamental vibrations of these molecules in the carbonyl region (1600-1800 cm-1). This comparison indicates the effect of methyl and deuterium substitution on the relative contributions of C2=O, C4=O, and C5=C6 stretching motions to each fundamental mode. This result explains the puzzling anomalies in the intensity patterns observed experimentally in this region of the spectra of isolated deutero- and methyl-substituted uracil molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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