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  • 1
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    Evaluation of Braided Stiffener Concepts for Transport Aircraft Wing Structure Applications (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-27
    Description: Braided composite materials have potential for application in aircraft structures. Stiffeners, wing spars, floor beams, and fuselage frames are examples where braided composites could find application if cost effective processing and damage requirements are met. Braiding is an automated process for obtaining near-net shape preforms for fabrication of components for structural applications. Previous test results on braided composite materials obtained at NASA Langley indicate that damage tolerance requirements can be met for some applications. In addition, the braiding industry is taking steps to increase the material through-put to be more competitive with other preform fabrication processes. Data are presented on the compressive behavior of three braided stiffener preform fabric constructions as determined from individual stiffener crippling test and three stiffener wide panel tests. Stiffener and panel fabrication are described and compression data presented for specimens tested with and without impact damage. In addition, data are also presented on the compressive behavior of the stitched stiffener preform construction currently being used by McDonnell Douglas Aerospace in the NASA ACT wing development program.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: Mechanics of Textile Composites Conference; Part 1; 61-97; NASA-CP-3311-Pt-1
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    A Review of the NASA Textile Composites Research (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-02
    Description: During the past 15 years NASA has taken the lead role in exploiting the benefits of textile reinforced composite materials for application to aircraft structures. The NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) program was started in 1989 to develop composite primary structures for commercial transport airplanes with costs that are competitive with metal structures. As part of this program, several contractors investigated the cost, weight, and performance attributes of textile reinforced composites. Textile composites made using resin transfer molding type processes were evaluated for numerous applications. Methods were also developed to predict resin infiltration and flow in textile preforms and to predict and measure mechanical properties of the textile composites. This paper describes the salient results of that program.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Development of Stitched, Braided and Woven Composite Structures in the ACT Program and at Langley Research Center (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Summary results are presented from the research conducted on woven, braided, knitted and stitched (textile) composites at the Langley Research Center and under the NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) Program in the period from 1985 to 1997. The report also includes an annotated bibliography of 270 U.S. publications on textile composites (with their abstracts). Two major research areas are discussed: (1) the general research in textile composites performed throughout the period under the direction of the Langley Research Center and (2) the development of textile composite aircraft structures by industry under the NASA ACT Program. The annotated bibliography is organized in three subsections: (1) general textiles R&D under the auspices of Langley, (2) ACT Program development of textile structural components, and (3) textiles research by individuals and organizations not associated with the ACT Program. An author index is provided for the reports and documents.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA/TP-97-206234 , NAS 1.60:206234 , L-17662
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Development of Textile Reinforced Composites for Aircraft Structures (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: NASA has been a leader in development of composite materials for aircraft applications during the past 25 years. In the early 1980's NASA and others conducted research to improve damage tolerance of composite structures through the use of toughened resins but these resins were not cost-effective. The aircraft industry wanted affordable, robust structures that could withstand the rigors of flight service with minimal damage. The cost and damage tolerance barriers of conventional laminated composites led NASA to focus on new concepts in composites which would incorporate the automated manufacturing methods of the textiles industry and which would incorporate through-the-thickness reinforcements. The NASA Advanced Composites Technology (ACT) Program provided the resources to extensively investigate the application of textile processes to next generation aircraft wing and fuselage structures. This paper discusses advanced textile material forms that have been developed, innovative machine concepts and key technology advancements required for future application of textile reinforced composites in commercial transport aircraft. Multiaxial warp knitting, triaxial braiding and through-the-thickness stitching are the three textile processes that have surfaced as the most promising for further development. Textile reinforced composite structural elements that have been developed in the NASA ACT Program are discussed. Included are braided fuselage frames and window-belt reinforcements, woven/stitched lower fuselage side panels, stitched multiaxial warp knit wing skins, and braided wing stiffeners. In addition, low-cost processing concepts such as resin transfer molding (RTM), resin film infusion (RFI), and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) are discussed. Process modeling concepts to predict resin flow and cure in textile preforms are also discussed.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: Textile Composites; Oct 12, 1998 - Oct 14, 1998; Kyoto; Japan
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Structural Performance of a Compressively Loaded Foam-Core Hat-Stiffened Textile Composite Panel (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A structurally efficient hat-stiffened panel concept that utilizes a structural foam as a stiffener core material has been designed and developed for aircraft primary structural applications. This stiffener concept is fabricated from textile composite material forms with a resin transfer molding process. This foam-filled hat-stiffener concept is structurally more efficient than most other prismatically stiffened panel configurations in a load range that is typical for both fuselage and wing structures. The panel design is based on woven/stitched and braided graphite-fiber textile preforms, an epoxy resin system, and Rohacell foam core. The structural response of this panel design was evaluated for its buckling and postbuckling behavior with and without low-speed impact damage. The results from single-stiffener and multi-stiffener specimen tests suggest that this structural concept responds to loading as anticipated and has excellent damage tolerance characteristics compared to a similar panel design made from preimpregnated graphite-epoxy tape material.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA-TM-111451 , NAS 1.15:111451 , AIAA Paper 96-1368 , AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC 37th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference; Apr 15, 1996 - Apr 17, 1996; Salt Lake City, UT; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Automated Fabrication Technologies for High Performance Polymer Composites (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-10
    Description: New fabrication technologies are being exploited for building high graphite-fiber-reinforced composite structure. Stitched fiber preforms and resin film infusion have been successfully demonstrated for large, composite wing structures. Other automatic processes being developed include automated placement of tacky, drapable epoxy towpreg, automated heated head placement of consolidated ribbon/tape, and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding. These methods have the potential to yield low cost high performance structures by fabricating composite structures to net shape out-of-autoclave.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA/TM-1998-207992 , NAS 1.15:207992
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Composite Structures and Materials Research at NASA Langley Research Center (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A summary of recent composite structures and materials research at NASA Langley Research Center is presented. Fabrication research to develop low-cost automated robotic fabrication procedures for thermosetting and thermoplastic composite materials, and low-cost liquid molding processes for preformed textile materials is described. Robotic fabrication procedures discussed include ply-by-ply, cure-on-the-fly heated placement head and out-of-autoclave electron-beam cure methods for tow and tape thermosetting and thermoplastic materials. Liquid molding fabrication processes described include Resin Film Infusion (RFI) Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) and Vacuum-Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM). Results for a full-scale composite wing box are summarized to identify the performance of materials and structures fabricated with these low-cost fabrication methods.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: Paper-MP-69-P-17-Starnes , Low Cost Composite Structures; May 07, 2001 - May 08, 2001; Loen; Norway
    Format: application/pdf
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