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  • 1
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    Multifrequency, Multipolarization External Calibration of the SIR-C/X-SAR Radars (1996)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: Progress and the future plans for the following objectives are discussed: (1) Assess the accuracy at which the SIR-C/X-SAR standard data products can be calibrated through the use of ground calibrators to estimate the end-to-end system polarization calibration constants (or distortion parameters) and incorporate the constants into the data processing; (2) Study the cross-calibration between three multipolarization systems: SIR-C, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA/JPL) DC-8 SAR, and the University of Michigan ground-based polarimetric scatterometer; (3) Evaluate the calibration "stability" of SIR-C/X-SAR (measured by variations in the calibration constants) over the range swath width and over a specified distance in azimuth. Variations over a 12-hour period (between ascending and descending passes) will also be studied; and (4) Develop a cost-effective calibration plan including development of inexpensive polarimetric active calibrators.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: Science Results from the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR): Progress Report; 55-57; NASA/CR-97-206707
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Analysis of Radar Images of Angkor, Cambodia (2000)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During the 1996 AIRSAR Pacific Rim Deployment, data were collected over Angkor in Cambodia. The temples of Angkor date the succession of cities to the 9th-13th century AD, but little is known of its prehistoric habitation. A related area of archaeological debate has been the origin, spiritual meaning and use of the hydraulic constructions in the urban zone. The high resolution, multi-channel capability of AIRSAR, together with the unprecedentedly accurate topography provided by TOPSAR, offer identification and delineation of these features. Examples include previously unrecorded circular earthworks around circular village sites, detection of unrecorded earthwork dykes, reservoirs and canal features, and of temple sites located some distance from the main temple complex at Angkor.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    The "Myth" of the Minimum SAR Antenna Area Constraint (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A design constraint traceable ot the early days of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is known as the minimum antenna area constraint for SAR. In this paper, it is confirmed that this constraint strictly applies only to the case where both the best possible resolution and the widest possible swath are the design goals. SAR antennas with area smaller than the constraint allows are shown to be possible, have been used on spaceborne SAR missions in the past, and should permit further, lower-cost SAR mission in the future.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    Fitting a Two-Component Scattering Model to Polarimetric SAR Data (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Classification, decomposition and modeling of polarimetric SAR data has received a great deal of attention in the recent literature. The objective behind these efforts is to better understand the scattering mechanisms which give rise to the polarimetric signatures seen in SAR image data. In this Paper an approach is described, which involves the fit of a combination of two simple scattering mechanisms to polarimetric SAR observations. The mechanisms am canopy scatter from a cloud of randomly oriented oblate spheroids, and a ground scatter term, which can represent double-bounce scatter from a pair of orthogonal surfaces with different dielectric constants or Bragg scatter from a moderately rough surface, seen through a layer of vertically oriented scatterers. An advantage of this model fit approach is that the scattering contributions from the two basic scattering mechanisms can be estimated for clusters of pixels in polarimetric SAR images. The solution involves the estimation of four parameters from four separate equations. The model fit can be applied to polarimetric AIRSAR data at C-, L- and P-Band.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    SAR Applications in the 21st Century (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: SAR image data from a variety of spaceborne and airborne sensors will be much more.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: German International Journal of Electronics and Communications
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    The Role of Imaging Radar in Forest Management (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: The use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from the SIR-C/X- SAR was demonstrated for mapping various land cover and vegetation properties.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Radar Images of the Earth and the World Wide Web (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: A perspective of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory as a center of planetary exploration, and its involvement in studying the earth from space is given. Remote sensing, radar maps, land topography, snow cover properties, vegetation type, biomass content, moisture levels, and ocean data are items discussed related to earth orbiting satellite imaging radar. World Wide Web viewing of this content is discussed.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: Earth Magazine
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Achievements in the Development of Space-borne Imaging Radar (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: This article describes past and current achievements in the development of space-borne imaging radar technology and discusses possibilities for the future. The article focuses on space-borne capabilities for civil and scientific purposes.
    Keywords: Communications and Radar
    Type: IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems; United States
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Development of SIR-C Ground Calibration Equipment (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: SIR-C/X-SAR is currently scheduled for launch in April 1994. SIR-C is an L-Band and C-Band, multi-polarization spaceborne SAR system developed by NASA/JPL. X- SAR is an X-Band SAR system developed by DARA/ASI. One of the problems involved in calibrating the SIR-C instrument is to make sure that the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) polarized beams are aligned in the azimuth direction, i.e.. that they are pointing in the same direction. This is important if the polarimetric performance specifications for the system are to be met. To solve this problem, we have designed and built a prototype of a low-cost ground receiver capable of recording received power from two antennas, one H-polarized, the other V-polarized. The two signals are mixed to audio then recorded on the left and right stereo channels of a standard audio cassette player. The audio cassette recording can then be played back directly into a Macintosh computer, where it is digitized. Analysis of.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience and Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 10
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    The Effects of Noise on Polarimetric SAR Data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: Polarimetric SAR data can provide a great deal of information about the scattering behavior of the surface under observation. Polarimetric SAR systems often measure the scattering matrices of the areas under observation in linear polarizations (H and V). From the scattering matrix commonly used forms such as the covariance matrix and the Stokes matrix can be easily derived. Other measures derived from polarimetric SAR data include the standard deviation of texture, correlation coefficients between scattering matrix terms, and the mode and variance of phase differences between scattering matrix terms. The effects of additive system noise on these measurements is not often considered in the literature on this subject.
    Keywords: Earth Resources and Remote Sensing
    Type: IEEE, Geoscience & Remote Sensing; Tokyo; Japan
    Format: text
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