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  • Coefficient Ri  (1)
  • Evolution  (1)
  • Springer  (2)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Echinoid ; Oogenesis ; Development ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Evolutionary change in developmental mode in sea urchins is closely tied to an increase in maternal provisioning. We examined the oogenic modifications involved in production of a large egg by comparison of oogenesis in congeneric sea urchins with markedly different sized oocytes and divergent modes of development. Heliocidaris tuberculata has small eggs (95 µm diameter) and the ancestral mode of development through feeding larvae, whereas H. erythrogramma has large eggs (430 µm diameter) and highly modified non-feeding lecithotrophic larvae. Production of a large egg in H. erythrogramma involved both conserved and divergent mechanisms. The pattern and level of vitellogenin gene expression is similar in the two species. Vitellogenin processing is also similar with the gonads of both species incorporating yolk protein from coelomic and hemal stores into nutritive cells with subsequent transfer of this protein into yolk granules in the developing vitellogenic oocyte. Immunocytology of the eggs of both Heliocidaris species indicates they incorporate similar levels of yolk protein. However, H. erythrogramma has evolved a highly divergent second phase of oogenesis characterised by massive deposition of non-vitellogenic material including additional maternal protein and lipid. Maternal provisioning in H. erythrogramma exhibits recapitulation of the ancestral vitellogenic program followed by a novel oogenic phase with hypertrophy of the lipogenic program being a major contributor to the increase in egg size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of anthropology 12 (1997), S. 55-62 
    ISSN: 1824-3096
    Keywords: Coefficient Ri ; Isonymy ; Population Structure ; Venezuelan populations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coefficient of relationship by isonymy Ri was obteined using paternal and maternal surnames of individuals in four black Venezuelan populations. The analysis of eight Ri values obtained from different combinations of surnames within each population and between population in two periods of time (1900–1920 and 1944–1967) show that: 1) Higher values of Ri are those that include combinations of maternal surnames, 2) Ri values of the second period are higher than those shown in the first, 3) No correlation was observed between Ri values and geographic distance. These results indicate that there is a tendency towards matrilocal behavior and show agreement with the degree of isolation of each population. The use of four surnames for estimating the coefficient of relationship by isonymy Ri, permits better comparisons of the relationship between and within groups and gives detailed information of the population structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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