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  • 1
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    Experiment K-7-30: Effects of Spaceflight in the Cosmos Biosatellite 2044 on the Vestibular-Ocular Reflex (VOR) of Rhesus Monkeys (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-12-03
    Description: This technical paper discusses the following: (1) The VOR of two rhesus monkeys was studied before and after 14 days of spaceflight to determine effects of microgravity on the VOR. Horizontal, vertical and roll eye movements were recorded in these and six other monkeys implanted with scleral search coils. Animals were rotated about a vertical axis to determine the gain of the horizontal, vertical and roll VOR. They were rotated about axes tilted from the vertical (off-vertical axis rotation, OVAR) to determine steady state gains and effects of gravity on modulations in eye position and eye velocity. They were also tested for tilt dumping of post-rotatory nystagmus. (2) The gain of the horizontal VOR was close to unity when animals were tested 15 and 18 hours after flight. VOR gain values were similar to those registered before flight. If the gain of the horizontal VOR changes in microgravity, it must revert to normal soon after landing. (3) Steady state velocities of nystagmus induced by off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR) were unchanged by adaptation to microgravity, and the phase of the modulations was similar before and after flight. However, modulations in horizontal eye velocity had more variation after landing and were on mean about 50% larger for angles of tilt of the axis of rotation between 50 and 90?/s after flight. This difference was similar in both animals and was significant. (4) A striking finding was that tilt dumping was lost in the one animal tested for this function. This loss persisted for several days after return. This is reminiscent of the loss of response to pitch while rotating in the M-131 experiments of Skylab, and must be studied in detail in future spaceflights. (5) Thus, two major findings emerged from these studies: after spaceflight the modulation of horizontal eye velocity was larger during OVAR, and one animal lost its ability to tilt-dump its nystagmus. Both findings are consistent with the postulate that adaptation to microgravity causes alterations in the way that otolith information is processed in the central nervous system. The experiments lay the groundwork for studying the vertical and roll VOR before and after future space flights, as well as for studying modulations in vertical and roll eye position during OVAR and tilt dumping.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: US Experiments Flown on the Soviet Biosatellite Cosmos 2044; 285-302; NASA-TM-108802
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    AIDS vaccines. Glimmerings of hope from the bottom of the well (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):656-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454914" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/*immunology ; Animals ; Avipoxvirus/genetics/immunology ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; HIV Antibodies/*biosynthesis/immunology ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization, Secondary ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Behind the headlines of endostatin's ups and downs (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1250-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084928" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Collagen/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Endostatins ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply/*drug therapy/pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*drug therapy ; Newspapers as Topic ; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Reproducibility of Results
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    AIDS vaccine shows promise after years of frustration (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 2;291(5509):1686-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11263450" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/*prevention & control ; Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Industry ; Genetic Vectors ; HIV Antibodies/biosynthesis/*immunology ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization, Secondary ; International Cooperation ; SAIDS Vaccines/immunology ; Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/prevention & control ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Bioterrorism. Vaccines for biodefense: a system in distress (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- Marshall, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 19;294(5542):498-501.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11641476" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthrax Vaccines/immunology ; *Bioterrorism ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clostridium botulinum/immunology ; Drug Approval ; *Government ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; *Military Personnel ; *Public Health ; Smallpox Vaccine/adverse effects/immunology ; Toxoids ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; *Vaccines/adverse effects/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    NIH concocts a booster shot for HIV vaccines (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 28;281(5381):1270-1, 1273.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9735038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines/economics ; Animals ; Budgets ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Industry/economics ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/organization & administration ; Research/organization & administration ; Research Support as Topic ; United Nations ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 7
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    The mother of all HIV challenges (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: AIDS researchers are finding cheaper and simpler ways to slow the spread of HIV from mother to child, and more pregnant women, even in the poorest countries, have access to anti-HIV drugs and formula--thanks to the largesse of donors, discounts from industry, new trade laws, and the tenacity of individual clinicians. But just as researchers offer ways to clear one enormous hurdle--drug availability--they run smack into other ones, ranging from social stigmas that discourage testing to disinterest on the part of cash-strapped health authorities to a deeply ingrained culture of breast-feeding--often supported by government policy for otherwise sound health reasons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2160-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896599" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Serodiagnosis ; Africa South of the Sahara ; Anti-HIV Agents/*therapeutic use ; Breast Feeding/*adverse effects ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/*prevention & control/*transmission ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; *Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Nevirapine/therapeutic use ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*drug therapy ; Social Conditions ; Zidovudine/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Biomedical research. Pentagon proposes to cut AIDS research from defense budget (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 20;293(5529):404-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11463881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *AIDS Vaccines ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; *Budgets ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Government Agencies/economics ; Humans ; *Military Medicine/economics ; *Research ; Thailand ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Developing prescriptions with a personal touch (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-02-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Feb 7;275(5301):776.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9036540" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; *Drug Industry ; Genotype ; Humans ; *Pharmacogenetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    FDA committee raises AIDS vaccine hurdles (1991)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-11-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Nov 22;254(5035):1105.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1683494" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*therapy ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Leukocyte Count ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Viral Vaccines/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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