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  • Climate variability  (2)
  • Extratropical cyclones  (1)
  • Heat flux
  • 1
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    Multidecadal mobility of the North Atlantic Oscillation (2013)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2013. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 26 (2013): 2453–2466, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00023.1.
    Beschreibung: The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is one of the most important modes of variability in the global climate system and is characterized by a meridional dipole in the sea level pressure field, with centers of action near Iceland and the Azores. It has a profound influence on the weather, climate, ecosystems, and economies of Europe, Greenland, eastern North America, and North Africa. It has been proposed that around 1980, there was an eastward secular shift in the NAO’s northern center of action that impacted sea ice export through Fram Strait. Independently, it has also been suggested that the location of its southern center of action is tied to the phase of the NAO. Both of these attributes of the NAO have been linked to anthropogenic climate change. Here the authors use both the one-point correlation map technique as well as empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to show that the meridional dipole that is often seen in the sea level pressure field over the North Atlantic is not purely the result of the NAO (as traditionally defined) but rather arises through an interplay among the NAO and two other leading modes of variability in the North Atlantic region: the East Atlantic (EA) and the Scandinavian (SCA) patterns. This interplay has resulted in multidecadal mobility in the two centers of action of the meridional dipole since the late nineteenth century. In particular, an eastward movement of the dipole has occurred during the 1930s to 1950s as well as more recently. This mobility is not seen in the leading EOF of the sea level pressure field in the region.
    Beschreibung: GWKM was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. IAR was supported in part by NE/C003365/1. RSP was supported by Grant OCE-0959381 from the U.S. National Science Foundation.
    Beschreibung: 2013-10-15
    Schlagwort(e): North Atlantic Ocean ; North Atlantic Oscillation ; Climate variability ; Climatology ; Empirical orthogonal functions
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Meteorological buoy observations from the central Iceland Sea (2015)
    John Wiley & Sons
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2015. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 120 (2015): 3199–3208, doi:10.1002/2014JD022584.
    Beschreibung: We present the first continuous in situ atmospheric observations from the central Iceland Sea collected from a meteorological buoy deployed for a 2 year period between 23 November 2007 and 21 August 2009. We use these observations to evaluate the ERA-Interim reanalysis product and demonstrate that it represented low-level meteorological fields and surface turbulent fluxes in this region very well. The buoy observations showed that moderate to strong winds were common from any direction, while wind speeds below 5 ms−1 were relatively rare. The observed low-level air temperature and surface heat fluxes were related to the wind direction with cold-air outbreaks most common from the northwest. Mean wintertime turbulent heat fluxes were modest (〈60 Wm−2), but the range was substantial. High heat flux events, greater than 200 Wm−2, typically occurred every 1–2 weeks in the winter, with each event lasting on average 2.5 days with an average total turbulent heat flux of ∼200 Wm−2 out of the ocean. The most pronounced high heat flux events over the central Iceland Sea were associated with cold-air outbreaks from the north and west forced by a deep Lofoten Low over the Norwegian Sea.
    Beschreibung: This work was funded in part by the Ocean and Climate Change Institute at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and NSF grant OCE-1433958.
    Beschreibung: 2015-10-24
    Schlagwort(e): Iceland Sea ; Met buoy ; Heat flux ; Nordic Seas ; Cold-air outbreak
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    What causes the location of the air-sea turbulent heat flux maximum over the Labrador Sea? (2014)
    John Wiley & Sons
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-25
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 41 (2014): 3628–3635, doi:10.1002/2014GL059940.
    Beschreibung: The Labrador Sea is a region of climatic importance as a result of the occurrence of oceanic wintertime convection, a process that is integral to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. This process requires large air-sea heat fluxes that result in a loss of surface buoyancy, triggering convective overturning of the water column. The Labrador Sea wintertime turbulent heat flux maximum is situated downstream of the ice edge, a location previously thought to be causal. Here we show that there is considerable similarity in the characteristics of the regional mean atmospheric circulation and high heat flux events over the Labrador Sea during early winter, when the ice is situated to the north, and midwinter, when it is near the region of maximum heat loss. This suggests that other factors, including the topography of the nearby upstream and downstream landmasses, contribute to the location of the heat flux maximum.
    Beschreibung: G.W.K.M. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. R.S.P. was supported by grant OCE-085041 from the U.S. National Science Foundation. I. A.R. would like to acknowledge support from NERC grant NE/I005293/1. K.V. received funding from NACLIM, a project of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement 308299.
    Beschreibung: 2014-11-19
    Schlagwort(e): Air-sea interaction ; Oceanic convection ; Extratropical cyclones ; Flow distortion ; Polar meterorology
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Spatial distribution of air-sea heat fluxes over the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-26
    Beschreibung: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2012. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geophysical Research Letters 39 (2012): L18806, doi:10.1029/2012GL053097.
    Beschreibung: On a variety of spatial and temporal scales, the energy transferred by air-sea heat and moisture fluxes plays an important role in both atmospheric and oceanic circulations. This is particularly true in the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean, where these fluxes drive water-mass transformations that are an integral component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Here we use the ECMWF Interim Reanalysis to provide a high-resolution view of the spatial structure of the air-sea turbulent heat fluxes over the sub-polar North Atlantic Ocean. As has been previously recognized, the Labrador and Greenland Seas are areas where these fluxes are large during the winter months. Our particular focus is on the Iceland Sea region where, despite the fact that water-mass transformation occurs, the winter-time air-sea heat fluxes are smaller than anywhere else in the sub-polar domain. We attribute this minimum to a saddle point in the sea-level pressure field, that results in a reduction in mean surface wind speed, as well as colder sea surface temperatures associated with the regional ocean circulation. The magnitude of the heat fluxes in this region are modulated by the relative strength of the Icelandic and Lofoten Lows, and this leads to periods of ocean cooling and even ocean warming when, intriguingly, the sensible and latent heat fluxes are of opposite sign. This suggests that the air-sea forcing in this area has large-scale impacts for climate, and that even modest shifts in the atmospheric circulation could potentially impact the AMOC.
    Beschreibung: GWKM was supported by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada. IAR was funded in part by NCAS (the National Centre for Atmospheric Sciences) and by NERC grant NE/I005293/1. RSP was funded by grant OCE-0959381 fromthe US National Science Foundation.
    Beschreibung: 2013-03-27
    Schlagwort(e): Air-sea interaction ; Climate variability ; Water mass transformation
    Repository-Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Materialart: Article
    Format: application/msword
    Format: text/plain
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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