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Active site opening and closure control translocation of multisubunit RNA polymerase (2012)

Malinen, A. M., Turtola, M., Parthiban, M., Vainonen, L., Johnson, M. S., Belogurov, G. A.

Oxford University Press

In: Nucleic Acids Research

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Publication Date: 2012-08-23

Description: Multisubunit RNA polymerase (RNAP) is the central information-processing enzyme in all cellular life forms, yet its mechanism of translocation along the DNA molecule remains conjectural. Here, we report direct monitoring of bacterial RNAP translocation following the addition of a single nucleotide. Time-resolved measurements demonstrated that translocation is delayed relative to nucleotide incorporation and occurs shortly after or concurrently with pyrophosphate release. An investigation of translocation equilibrium suggested that the strength of interactions between RNA 3' nucleotide and nucleophilic and substrate sites determines the translocation state of transcription elongation complexes, whereas active site opening and closure modulate the affinity of the substrate site, thereby favoring the post- and pre-translocated states, respectively. The RNAP translocation mechanism is exploited by the antibiotic tagetitoxin, which mimics pyrophosphate and induces backward translocation by closing the active site.

Keywords: Protein-nucleic acid interaction, Nucleic Acid Enzymology

Print ISSN: 0305-1048

Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962

Topics: Biology

Published by Oxford University Press

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MIF via SO2 photoexcitation [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2013)

Hattori, S., Schmidt, J. A., Johnson, M. S., Danielache, S. O., Yamada, A., Ueno, Y., Yoshida, N.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2013-10-30

Description: Natural climate variation, such as that caused by volcanoes, is the basis for identifying anthropogenic climate change. However, knowledge of the history of volcanic activity is inadequate, particularly concerning the explosivity of specific events. Some material is deposited in ice cores, but the concentration of glacial sulfate does not distinguish...

Keywords: Chemistry and Applications in Nature of Mass Independent Isotope Effects Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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CO2 UV spectrum from first principles [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2013)

Schmidt, J. A., Johnson, M. S., Schinke, R.

National Academy of Sciences

In: PNAS - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

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Publication Date: 2013-10-30

Description: We present a first principles study of the carbon dioxide (CO2) photodissociation process in the 150- to 210-nm wavelength range, with emphasis on photolysis below the carbon monoxide + singlet channel threshold at ∼167 nm. The calculations reproduce experimental absorption cross-sections at a resolution of ∼0.5 nm without scaling the...

Keywords: Chemistry and Applications in Nature of Mass Independent Isotope Effects Special Feature

Print ISSN: 0027-8424

Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General

Published by National Academy of Sciences

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