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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of surface stoichiometry in polycrystalline alloys by a crystallographic electron attenuation model: Application to the Ce/Rh system (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 21 (1994), S. 576-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to obtain quantitative surface compositional information, an earlier crystallographic electron attenuation model has been extended to treat polycrystalline alloys. Simple correction factors are obtained that yield large corrections to elemental Auger intensity ratios. The model has been applied to a binary surface alloy formed by heating cerium overlayers on a polycrystalline rhodium substrate. It is shown that an alloy film is formed whose thickness is proportional to the number of Ce layers initially deposited. The surface alloy is identified as Ce3Rh2, which corresponds to a known bulk phase.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740210811
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface Modification of Electroactive Polymer Films by Ozone Treatment (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Surface modification of polypyrrole (PPY), polyaniline (PAN) and poly(3-alkylthiophene) films by ozone was studied by angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the case of the N-containing polymers, oxidation occurs readily and mainly at the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of CνO, CξO, COOH and even OνCOOH (especially for PAN) species. The carbon atoms of doped PPY and PAN films are significantly more resistant to ozone oxidation, but the samples suffer some loss of the dopant in the surface region. Ozone treatment does not involve the direct oxidation of the nitrogen heteroatoms to form theνNOx species, even at high extent of carbon oxidation. In addition, a substantial decrease in the intrinsic oxidation state ([ξNν]/[νNHν] ratio) was observed in the 25% deprotonated PPY (DP-PPY) base, the 50% intrinsically oxidized emeraldine (EM) base and the 75% intrinsically oxidized nigraniline (NA) base after ozone treatment and subsequent atmospheric exposure. In the case of the S-containing polymers, ozone treatment results predominantly in the oxidation of sulphur heteroatoms to give rise to the sulphone and peroxide species. The oxidized sulphur species, however, are readily reduced or consumed in a photochemical reaction.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and mass spectrometric characterization of an oxidized form of vasostatin I, an N-terminal chromogranin A-derived protein, from bovine chromaffin cells (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 1599-1604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An N-terminal proteolytic processing product of chromogranin A was obtained from bovine chromaffin granules using two steps of C18 solid-phase extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Electrospray mass spectrometry revealed a protein with a molecular mass of 8632.0 for the fraction showing immunoreactivity against the N-terminus of chromogranin A, which differed by 48 u from that of the N-terminal processing product, vasostatin I (CGA1-76). Derivatization with mercaptoethanol showed that the peptide had an intact S—S bridge, which is a key structural feature of vasostatin I. Peptide mapping experiments involving reduction/alkylation with vinylpyridine and trypsin digestion were consistent with oxidation of the three methionine residues of vasostatin I to their sulphoxide forms. The oxidation of the methionine residues was found to occur during the C18 solid-phase extraction procedure. The use of freshly prepared Tris-HCl buffer and eluents and flushing the buffer and eluents with nitrogen were shown to result in the isolation of the non-oxidized form of vasostatin I.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.1190301113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(butylene terephthalate)-polyarylate blends (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 333-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Polymer blends ; Crystallization ; Relaxation behavior ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we focus on miscible blends of two engineering polymers: poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) and a polyarylate (PAr). The issue of transesterification in these blends will be addressed, followed by a discussion of the crystallization kinetics of PBT, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and several PBT/PAr blends. The ability to estimate polymer-polymer interaction parameters in blends from melting point depression will also be discussed. The amorphous phase behavior of the PBT/PAr blends has been explored primarily using dielectric spectroscopy. For blends in which PBT has crystallized, we observe two relaxations associated with Tg-like motion, and this behavior is interpreted in light of our recent work on order-disorder interphases in crystalline blends.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050606
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of structure of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid ester on thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foams (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 1803-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of hydroxyl-terminated maleopimaric acid esters (HTMAEs) and rigid polyurethane (PU) foams based on these HTMAEs were synthesized using chemically modified natural gum rosin and its derivative maleopimaric acid as raw materials. Thermal stability of these polyols and their corresponding rigid PU foams was studied by a thermogravimetric method and a dimensional stability measurement. It was shown that the thermal stability of the final foams was strongly dependent on the structure of their corresponding polyols. The thermogravimetric analysis curves of these rosin-based rigid PU foams displayed two distinct regions of weight loss. It has been shown that at the initial stage of weight loss the process was dominated by polyol component degradation; the second stage was governed by isocyanate component degradation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070581019
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the composition of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 1167-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A series of rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams of different composition were synthesized directly from chemically modified gum rosin. The effect of the composition of these rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams on their thermal stability and compression strength was measured. It was shown that the onset temperature of weight loss and the dimensional stability at high temperature increased with increase of the molar ratio of NCO/OH. The TGA data further confirmed that the second stage weight loss in the two-stage weight loss process of these polyurethane foams was governed by thermal degradation of the isocyanate component. Although density had no significant influence on the TGA curves of the rosin-based rigid polyurethane foams, it had great influence on the dimensional stability at high temperature and compression strength of the foams. It has been shown that the inclusion of rosin in rigid polyurethane foams increases the strength and thermal stability compared with that of polyether-based ones. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface studies of pristine and surface-modified polypyrrole films (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 625-636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polypyrrole (PPY) films having high conductivity were synthesized electrochemically in acetonitrile at low temperature and low current density. Pristine, deprotonated, and ozone-pretreated PPY films were subjected to either thermally induced or near-UV-light-induced graft copolymerization with acrylic acid (AAc), or sodium salt of 4-styrenesulfonic acid (NaSS). Surface structures and redox states of the pristine, deprotonated, reprotonated, and surface-modified polypyrrole films were studied by angle-dependent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The morphology of the PPY surface after modification by graft co-polymerization was revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the density of surface grafting decreased with ozone pretreatment. Surface grafting of the two polymeric acids also gave rise to a self-protonated surface structure. A substantial proportion of the grafted protonic acid groups at the surface remained free for further surface functionalization. The surface characteristics, in particular the charge-transfer interactions and the changes in the intrinsic redox states of the substrate films, associated with the external protonation and surface self-protonation processes were also discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical aging and dye diffusion in polysulfone below the glass transition temperature (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 569-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: physical aging ; tracer diffusion coefficient ; camphorquinone ; polysulfone ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of physical aging on the tracer diffusion coefficient D of camphorquinone in polysulfone is investigated. It is shown that if the sample is sufficiently annealed and physical aging is nearly complete, the temperature dependence of D will reflect the primary α-relaxation process of the host polymer. In the temperature range between Tg (=185°C) and 165°C, D is found to be a function of time, and the time dependence of D is given by D = At-μ, with μ approximately equal to unity. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320318
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution characterization of poly(isobornyl methacrylate) in tetrahydrofuran (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 1951-1956 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polymer solution ; light scattering ; poly(isobornyl methacrylate) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of dilute solutions of poly (isobornyl methacrylate) (PIMA) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were characterized by using viscosity, static, and dynamic light scattering measurements. PIMA samples with different molecular weight were obtained by fractional precipitation of PIMA solution. Chain dimension parameters (Rg and RH), together with second virial coefficient A2 and intrinsic viscosity [η], were used to calculate various solution parameters characterizing polymer chains in polymer solutions. The experimental results are compared with calculation, indicating that PIMA behaves as a flexible coil in THF. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090321112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of N-(aminoalkyl) chitosan for microcapsules (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 50 (1993), S. 353-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chitosan was chemically modified by alkylation with N-(2-bromoethyl) phthalimide, N-(3-bromopropyl) phthalimide, and N-(4-bromobutyl) phthalimide. The resulting N-(phthalidimidoalkyl) chitosans were treated with hydrazine to remove the phthalidimido group resulting in the final N-(aminoalkyl) chitosan products. For comparison purposes, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was alkylated with N-(3-bromopropyl) phthalimide, then treated with hydrazine to give the N-(3-aminopropyl) PVA product. All alkylation products were characterized by solution 1H- and 13C-NMR and by solid-state CP-MAS 13C-NMR. The above synthetic polymer derivatives, as well as chitosan, polyallyl amine, and polyethylen-imine, were used to form membrane coatings around calcium alginate beads in which blue dextran of molecular weight 7.08×104 or 26.6×104 was entrapped. These microcapsules were prepared by extrusion of a solution of blue dextran in sodium alginate into a solution containing calcium chloride and the membrane polymer. Membrane integrity and permeability were assessed by measuring the elution of the blue dextran from the capsules, spectrophotometrically. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070500216
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