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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 955-956 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 1045-1052 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a novel bisphenol, 9,9-bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene, in high yield by the transalkylation of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene is described. Three poly(arylene ether)s based on this hindered phenol were prepared with molecular weights (Mn) ranging from 34 800 to 51 300 and inherent viscosities ranging from 0.27 to 0.43 dL/g. The polymers have Tg's of 236-262°C and did not lose weight below 350°C, with 10% weight loss recorded above 550°C. They are readily soluble in chlorinated solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature. Attempts to synthesize an analogous monomer, bis (3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)diphenylmethane, are described.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 299-304 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyformal ; polycarbonate ; copoly(carbonate formal) ; phase-transfer catalyst ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A linear, high molecular weight polyformal is readily synthesized by direct transformation of commercially available polycarbonate. The reaction is best carried out in dibromomethane with 8.0 equiv. of potassium hydroxide pellets in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst at 90-95°C. A random copoly(carbonate formal) can also be obtained simply by reducing the amount of potassium hydroxide used in the reaction. The molecular weight of the resulting polymer is governed by the starting polycarbonate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 26 (1995), S. 483-487 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Plastoermüdungs- und Kriechverhalten von rekristallisiertem Molybdän im RaumtemperaturbereichDas Verformungsverhalten von reinem rekristallisierten Molybdan Blech unter zyklischer und statischer Beanspruchung wurde im Temperaturbereich zwischen 30°C und 100°C, unter Zug-Druck Spannungsamplituden zwischen 100 MPa und 250 MPa, sowie unter Zugbeanspruchung bis 200 MPa untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß Molybdan trotz der niedrigen Prüftemperaturen und Spannungen ein beträchtliches plastisches Verformungsvermögen aufweist, das empfindlich von der Prüffrequenzzeit und von geringfügigen Veranderungen in der Prüftemperatur abhängt. Die Aktivierungsenergie für die statischen und dynamischen Verformungsvorgänge berechnet sich zu weniger als 0,98 eV, was auf thermisch aktivierte Verformungsprozesse deutet. Diese Prozesse konnten auf der Grundlage eines in der Literatur beschriebenen Versetzungskinkenmodells erklärt werden. Das zyklische Plastizitätsverhalten bei den niederen Prüftemperaturen erscheint durch Wechselwirkungen von Kriech- und Ermüdungsvorgangen beeinflußt zu sein.
    Notes: The deformation behavior of pure recrystallized molybdenum under cyclic and static loads was investigated in the temperature range between 30°C and 10O°C, for stress amplitudes between 100 MPa and 250 MPa and for static loads up to 200 MPa. The results show that in spite of the low test temperatures and stress levels the Mo material exhibits considerable plastic strains which depend sensitively on frequenez and small changes in temperature.The activation energy deduced for the static and dynamic deformation is less than 0.98 eV which indicates thermally activated processes, to be explained by a dislocation kink model as described in the literature. The low-temperature fatigue behavior appears strongly influenced by creep-fatigue interaction phenomena.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 581-594 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Protonated and methylated quinones, α,β-unsaturated ketones and aldehydes and saturated ketones all react to form cycloaddition products with butadiene. The reagent ions are generated by chemical ionization (CI) and react at nominally zero kinetic energy with butadiene in an r.f.-only quadrupole of a pentaquadrupole mass spectrometer. In selected cases, the product ions were characterized by sequential product ion dissociation (triple stage mass spectrometry [MS3]). The activated dicarbonyl ions, such as protonated quinone and protonated 4-cyclopentene-1,3-dione, are more reactive than the protonated α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and the protonated saturated ketones. The methylated ions are less reactive than their protonated analogs. MS3 spectra of the quinone and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl adducts and ab initio calculations of product ion stability are interpreted as indicating Diels-Alder cycloaddition at the carbon-carbon double bond. Benzoquinones and the α,β-unsaturated ketones are also good dienophiles in solution. The differences in reactivity between these two groups of reactant ions, between the protonated and methylated ions and between individual members of each of these groups are ascribed to differences between the HOMO and LUMO orbital energies (ΔE) of the diene and reactant ion, respectively. The correlations observed between the cycloaddition reactivity and the energy gap indicate that normal Diels-Alder reactions occur for the quinones and α,β-unsaturated ions. Correlations between ion-molecule reactivity and the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps also extend to the protonated saturated ketones, where MS3 studies confirm that cycloaddition occurs at the carbon-oxygen double bond. In all cases, when the proton affinity of the conjugate base of the dienophile is close to that of the diene, proton transfer between the diene and the dienophile becomes a major competitive process; this in turn decreases the cycloaddition yield. Gas-phase inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions are studied using methylated 2-butenone as diene and several neutral alkenes as dienophile. Higher reactivity is achieved with electron-donating alkenes as dienophiles, in agreement with observations made in solution chemistry on inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reactions.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2239-2243 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To improve the mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), some elastomers and fillers are used. The impact properties and tensile strength are affected by both the mineral additives and the polymer additives. There are also some changes in the thermal properties. To improve the interfacial adhesion, some low molecular polymers are added to assist the dispersion of the fillers and the uniformity of the various polymers with PP. The addition of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), or the styrene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) can improve the impact properties of PP. The propylene-ethylene copolymer has a more pronounced effect than does the physical blending of PP with PE. Calcium carbonate can reinforce PP resin. The ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) has an effect on the printing properties of the PP. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 981-988 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This paper explores the use of silica as a major component, 67% and 100%, of total filler content in natural rubber, carbon black being the minor component. In order to overcome the mixing difficulty, a coupling agent was used. A previous study dealt with the causes of difficulty in extruding high-silica and all-silica compounds. A premature reaction of the coupling agent with natural rubber resulted in wavy extrudates. In the case of a 100% silica compound, the filler dispersion and distribution were not satisfactory in spite of the presence of the coupling agent. The compound was too stiff to be extrudable. In the present work, metal carbonates were added to the formulation. They included calcium, zinc, magnesium, and lead carbonates. These additives significantly facilitated the incorporation, distribution, and dispersion of the filler. The resulting compounds were soft enough to be extruded. The extrudate surfaces were smooth to slightly wavy. Decreasing the amount of the coupling agent to 75% of the original recipe still allowed the compounds to be extruded, although the waviness of the extrudates increased somewhat.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 325-333 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: fluorescence probe ; polymerization ; degree of cure ; microviscosity ; solvent polarity ; intramolecular charge transfer ; photocurable resin ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Several intramolecular charge transfer fluorescence probes, such as the dansyl amides (1a-d), 4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrobiphenyl (2) and 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (3), have been developed and evaluated. The fluorescence emission of the probes is sensitive to both the solvent polarity and medium microviscosity. A spectral blue shift, attributed to an increase in microviscosity, was observed as polymerization proceeded. Therefore, these fluorescence probes can be used for monitoring polymerization processes. The correlation between the fluorescence emission intensity ratio and degree of cure is linear in various formulations, which may be cured either photochemically or thermally. The selectivity and sensitivity of the fluorescence probes have been investigated. 4-Dimethylamino-4′-nitrobiphenyl (2) was found to be the most sensitive probe to both solvent polarity and medium microviscosity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 12 (1988), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Anaytical electron microscopy (AEM) consists of extending the information generally delivered by the electron microscope (topography, structure) with a knowledge of the chemical and electronic properties. Its major advantage is to perform higly sensitive spectroscopies, such as electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), on nanovolumes of materials defined and localized within their environment. It is therfore well suited to the study of complex specimens, such as catalytical products, in which there is a competion of bulk and surface properties. Metallic Co particles on supporting CeO2 layers provide an illustrative example of AEM capabilities. Atomic resolution images of surfaces and interfaces are associated with EELS spectroscopy and EELS maps to obtain a detailed view of the local arrangement of the different components, at successive steps of the chemical reaction. Nevertheless, beaminduced chemical tranformations of the system have been observed at the atomic scale. Radiation damage therefore constitutes the final limitation.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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