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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogels from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and propylene glycol monoacrylatePresented at the 148th Meeting, American Chemical Society, Chicago, September 1964. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2425-2435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydrophilic three-dimensional polymer networks (hydrogels) were prepared from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and propylene glycol monacrylate (PGMA). By wet crosslinking, hydrogels which maintain their original shape and volume relatively well, compared with the dry-cross-linked polymer networks, were obtained. The maximum amount of water which can be maintained in transparent hydrogels depends on the hydrophilicity of the monomers, e. g., about 40% for HEMA gels, about 50% for PGMA gels, and 40-50% for HEMA-PGMA copolymer gels depending on the monomer composition. When the water content exceeds this maximum in transparent gels (homogeneous hydrogels), they become opaque and/or spongy (heterogeneous hydrogels). Effects of the amount of crosslinking agent and the initial dilution of the monomer solution upon the swelling behavior of hydrogels were investigated. The temperature dependence of the swelling of these hydrogels and the water permeation through them were also studied.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090707
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-polymerized films of trimethylsilane deposited on cold-rolled steel substrates. Part 1. Characterization by XPS, AES and TOF-SIMS (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 845-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Plasma-polymerized coatings on metal substrates have been suggested as corrosion protection layers, but not much is known about the properties of these films and how these properties relate to the corrosion performance of coated metals. In this study, trimethylsilane plasma films were deposited on cold-rolled steel (CRS) under different deposition conditions. Angular-dependent XPS, AES and time-of-flight (TOF)-SIMS were used to characterize the films. These three techniques were highly complementary in nature. All films were silicon-based and the hydrocarbon content was a function of the deposition conditions. The AES depth profiles indicated that pretreatment of the substrate with oxygen had a significant effect on the type of film produced. Both TOF-SIMS and XPS revealed that the surface of the film was different from the bulk. The surface was oxygen-rich and was apparently modified upon exposure of the plasma film to the atmosphere. Both silicon and carbon were highly oxidized in the surface layers. Thus, these plasma films consist of at least three distinctly different regions: an interfacial region where the film is intimately mixed with the metal oxide; a bulk region with approximately the same elemental composition as the monomer; and a highly oxidized surface region. A correlation between the type of plasma film produced and the deposition conditions is discussed briefly.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740201008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusive and bulk flow transport in polymers (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 433-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The transport properties of polymer membranes in various forms which have a wide variety of practical applications, such as ultrafiltration, dialysis and blood oxygenation, depend upon the structure (homogeneous or heterogeneous) and the transport characteristics of the membrane material. Among many possible driving forces of transport, the pressure gradient and the concentration gradient are considered to be the most general forces encountered in practical use of polymer membranes. The transport of various permeants (gas, dissolved gas, liquid solvent, and solute) through porous and homogeneous (nonporous) polymer membranes under these driving forces is discussed. In the absence of a pressure gradient, the transport of permeants can be described as diffusion, regardless of the permeant phase and the membrane structure. In the presence of a pressure gradient, the transport of permeants may occur by diffusion and/or bulk flow of the permeants, depending upon the membrane structure and the nature of the permeant. In homogeneous membranes, many noninteracting permeants such as gases and nonsolvent vapors permeate by diffusion under applied pressure gradient: however, solvent in homogeneously swollen membranes moves by bulk flow and the diffusion depending on the degree of swelling of the membrane. In heterogeneous membranes under applied pressure, most permeants move by bulk flow.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170209
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barrier coatings on cellulose fiber mat (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2957-2964 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two techniques were used in the deposition of thin, pinhole-free vapor barriers upon a Kraft fiber mat without affecting its combustibility properties. One technique involved a collodion spray precoating followed by low pressure styrene plasma coating, and the other involved a collodion spray coating. In the formation of the above coatings, two functional steps are essential: (1) surface pore covering, and (2) nonporous barrier formation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070151205
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas permeability of deformed polyethylene films (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 531-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-density polyethylene films strained up to 35% exhibit an initial increase of diffusivity and permeability which soon reach a maximum and subsequently drop to steadily decreasing values below those of the unstrained starting material. The sorption steadily increases and seems to approach a plateau. The maximum and the subsequent decrease are probably caused by significant, recoverable plastic deformation which seems to depress the tortuosity factor but not the free volume, as one concludes from the opposite trend of diffusion and sorption. Permanently deformed drawn or rolled films on the strain range from 0.5 through 3.0 exhibit a continuous decrease of diffusivity and permeability with an almost constant reduction of sorption. This postulates a decrease in free volume and a steadily decreasing tortuosity factor as a consequence of the gradually increasing fraction of the new, practically impermeable fibrous structure.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070180218
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of glass transition on gas permeabilities (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Gas permeabilities of a copolymer of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate were examined at the temperature range of 25° to 80°C. The change of activation energy of gas permeability constant at the glass transition temperature (65°C) was observed with N2, Ar, O2, and CO2, but no change was observed with He. The observation of the change of slope of the Arrhenius plot of gas permeability is discussed as a function of the diffusion constant (D) of a permeant gas at the glass transition temperature (Tg). The change occurs only if the value of D at Tg is smaller than a certain value (i.e., 5 × 10-8), according to the analysis of data appearing in the literature.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210109
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization. II. Copolymerization of unusual comonomers (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2157-2166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization of 4-picoline, 3,5-lutidine, benzene, and acetylene with unusual comonomers such as H2O and N2 is investigated using the flow system of the monomers and an electrodeless glow discharge with 13.5 MHz radio frequency. These comonomers are incorporated into the plasma polymers and change their properties. Consequently, relatively hydrophilic polymers are formed from rather hydrophobic monomers such as benzene and acetylene by the copolymerization. The addition of H2O and N2 also improves the reverse osmosis characteristics of plasma polymers from hydrophilic monomers such as 4-picoline and 3,5-lutidine. The reverse osmosis characteristics of plasma polymers are influenced by the ratio of H2O and N2 to the basic monomer as well as by the total pressure of the monomers.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1975.070190809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of composite reverse osmosis membranes by plasma polymerization of organic compounds. IV. Influence of plasma-polymer (substrate) interaction (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 543-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Preparation of composite membranes by plasma polymerization is affected not only by the type of monomer and the mode of discharge but also by the interaction of plasma-polymer substrate. Consequently, the reverse osmosis characteristics of composite membranes are dependent on the combination of substrate and monomer(s). The interactions of plasma and polymer are investigated using porous polysulfone film and cellulose nitrate-cellulose acetate (CNCA) porous film as the substrates, and acetylene/H2O/N2 and acetylene/H2O/CO as the monomer systems. The effects of plasma pretreatment of the substrates on the chlorine resistance of the membranes are also investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200224
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. I. Inductive radio frequency discharge (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1003-1011 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an inductively coupled radio frequency glow discharge, using a flow system, was studied. A simple long tube reactor, with the coupling coil placed at the middle of the tube and gas entrance and exit at the respective ends, was used. Deposition rates and the chemical nature of the polymer (as revealed by ESCA spectra and surface energy studies) are obtained as a function of location in the reactor tube with respect to the coupling coil and of applied energy per unit mass of tetrafluoroethylene (W/FM). It was found that a fluorinepoor polymer, containing considerable carbon-oxygen bonds (after contact with air), is obtained at all locations at high W/FM. When a low W/FM is utilized, such a fluorine-poor polymer is also obtained at locations downstream from the coupling coil (the location of the highest energy density) in the reactor. In the latter case a fluorine-rich polymer containing very little oxygen is formed upstream from the coil. The polymer deposition rate distribution is also considerably broader in a high W/FM plasma than when low W/FM is used. These results are in agreement with earlier studies indicating that fluorine abstraction and decomposition due to fluorine etching occur when the energy density, as expressed by W/FM, is high.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. III. Capacitive audio frequency (10 kHz) and AC discharge (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 3471-3488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is studied in a capacitively coupled system with internal electrodes using a 10 kHz (af) and a 60 Hz (ac) source. The emphasis is on identifying conditions that are compatible with continuous coating of plasma polymer on a substrate moving through the center of the interelectrode gap. Operation at a pressure below 100 mTorr is most favorable for deposition of a substantial portion of the plasma polymer on this substrate. Plasma polymer deposited in this way is characterized by ESCA and by deposition rate data and compared to that deposited using rf power in both capacitively and inductively coupled systems. The polymers found in all systems are broadly similar and completely different from conventional poly(TFE). The distribution of power density in the various systems has been identified and compared. This is accomplished by using the known susceptibility of fluorine-containing polymers (including plasma polymer) to a high-power plasma as a probe of plasma power density within the interelectrode gap in the capacitively coupled system. The most active zone of the af or ac plasma is close to the electrode at a plasma pressure of approximately 40 mTorr. The use of a magnetic field leads to an intense localized glow such that etching by active fluorine atoms occurs at a specific locus on the electrode. By contrast, the low-pressure rf capacitively coupled glow discharge is the mildest of those investigated, and its most active zone is further from the electrode and much more diffusely localized by a magnetic field.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070231204
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