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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracer analysis in systems with two-phase flow (1979)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 25 (1979), S. 885-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690250518
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Hot Corrosion by MgSO4 and BaSO4 and its potential dependence (1984)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 139-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition der sulfat-induzierten Heißgaskorrosion durch MgSO4 und BaSO4 und ihre PotentialabhängigkeitElektrochemische Korrosionsuntersuchungen wurden mit IN 100 in einer Schmelze aus (Mol-%) 90 Na2SO4—10 K2SO4 mit verschiedenen Zusätzen an MgSO4 und BaSO4 bei 1173 K durchgeführt, um die Inhibition dieser Verbindungen und ihre Potentialabhängigkeit zu untersuchen. Es wurden sowohl potentiostatisch kontrollierte als auch Versuche beim Freien Korrosionspotential mit Messung des Polarisationswiderstandes durchgeführt.Die Inhibition von MgSO4 ist stark potentialabhängig. Bei negativen Potentialen, bei denen in elektrochemischen Nebenreaktionen Sauerstoffionen gebildet werden, wird MgO auf der Werkstoffoberfläche abgeschieden und teilweise in die Zunderschicht eingebaut. Diese MgO-reiche Zunderschicht ist beständig gegen basischen Aufschluß, weil MgO in basischen Schmelzen unlöslich ist. Bei positiven Potentialen, bei denen durch Entladen von SO4-Ionen die Säure SO3 entsteht, wird keine oder nur sehr geringe Inhibition gefunden.Zusätze von BaSO4 allein ergeben keinen Inhibitionseffekt. Zusätze von BaSO4 zu einer MgSO4-haltigen Schmelze verbessern jedoch erheblich die Inhibitionswirkung von MgSO4. Der Mechanismus dieses synergistischen Effektes wird nicht vollständig verstanden.
    Notes: Electrochemical corrosion measurements have been performed with IN 100 in a (mole %) 90 Na2SO4—10 K2SO4 melt with different additions of MgSO4 and BaSO4 at 1173 K in order to investigate the inhibition effect of these compounds and its potential dependence. Potentiostatically controlled measurements as well as free corrosion potential measurements with the determination of the polarization resistance have been performed.The inhibition effect of MgSO4 is strongly potential dependent. At negative potentials, where oxygen ions are produced by electrochemical side reactions, MgO is precipitated at the surface of the metal and becomes incorporated into the scale. This kind of MgO-rich scale is resistant to basic fluxing because MgO is not dissolved in basic media. At positive potentials, where acid SO3 is produced by discharge of SO4-ions, MgSO4 yields no or only very little inhibition.BaSO4 additions alone do not yield inhibition effects. However, additions of BaSO4 to melts containing MgSO4 improve the inhibition effect of the latter. The mechanism of this synergistic effect is not completely understood.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19840350402
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion of acetophenone and phenethyl alcohol in the calcium-alginate-bakers' yeast-hexane system (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1217-1227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: acetophenone ; phenethyl alcohol ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; diffusion coefficient ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The intrabead diffusion coefficients of acetophenone and phenethyl alcohol were measured at 30°C in the triphasic immobilized yeast-water-hexane system. Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were deactivated with hydrochloric acid and entrapped in calcium-alginate beads. Measurements of dry cell loss during deactivation, shrinkage of the beads during deactivation and the final porosity of the beads were made for various cell loadings. Final concentrations of wet cells in the beads ranged from approximately 0.25 to 0.30 g/mL. Mass transfer in the hexane phase, external to the beads, was eliminated experimentally. The estimated error of 5% to 10% in the diffusion coefficients is within the experimental error associated with the bead method. The effect of significant sampling volumes on the diffusivities was estimated theoretically and accounted for experimentally. The intrabead concentration of acetophenone and phenethyl alcohol was 150 to 800 ppm. The deactivated cells were shown to be impervious to acetophenone so that the measured diffusivities are extracellular parameters. The cell volume fraction in the beads ranged from 0.70 to 0.90, significantly higher than previously reported data. The effective diffusion coefficients conform to the random pore model. No diffusional interaction between acetophenone and phenethyl alcohol was observed. The addition of 2 vol% ethanol or methanol slightly increased the diffusivities. The thermodynamic partition coefficients were measured in the bead-free water-organic system and found to be an order of magnitude lower than the values calculated from the analysis of the diffusion data for the organic-bead system, suggesting that bead-free equilibrium data cannot be used in triphasic systems. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260441009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reductive dechlorination of PCB-contaminated raisin river sediments by anaerobic microbial granules (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 55 (1997), S. 182-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: dechlorination ; bioremediation ; PCBs ; sediments ; anaerobic granules ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-dechlorinating anaerobic microbial consortium, developed in a granular form, demonstrated extensive dechlorination of PCBs present in Raisin River sediments at room (20° to 22°C) and at a relatively low (12°C) temperature. Highly chlorinated PCB congeners were dechlorinated and less chlorinated compounds were produced. The homolog comparison showed that tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, and heptachlorobiphenyl compounds decreased significantly, and mono- and dichlorobiphenyl compounds increased. After 32 weeks of incubation at 12°C, the predominant less chlorinated products included 2-, 4-, 2-2/26-, 24-, 2-4-, 24-2-, 26-2-, and 26-4-CB. Among these, 24- and 24-2-CB did not accumulate at room temperature, suggesting a further dechlorination of these congeners. Predominantly meta dechlorination (i.e., pattern M) was catalyzed by the microbial consortium in the granules. Dechlorination in the control studies without granules was not extensive. This study is the first demonstration of enhanced reductive dechlorination of sediment PCBs by an exogenous anaerobic microbial consortium. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 182-190, 1997.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of surfactants on the particle sizes of red#170 polyurea microcapsules (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52 (1994), S. 1165-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Red#170 (pigment) polyurea microcapsules have been successfully prepared at our laboratory. Both core and shell of these microcapsules are demonstrated to be red#170 pigment and polyurea, respectively, by infrared (IR) spectra. The number-average particle sizes of these microcapsules are seen to decrease with increasing concentration and the ethylene oxide chain length of nonylphenylpolyoxyethylene ether (NPn; n = 6, 8, 10, 12, 16) as an emulsifier in the water phase used for making microcapsules. Experimental results indicate that the average particle sizes of red#170 polyurea microcapsules are smaller for the system with NP16 than for the system with NP4 (in the oil phase) and/or NP16 (in the water phase) and that, in the presence of NPn, these particle sizes are seen to be slightly smaller for use of methylcellulose than for use of sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a protective colloid. It is also interesting to note that the released amounts of red#170 pigment from polyurea microcapsules in di-n-butylphthalate solvent is lower for a system with NP16 than for a system with methylcellulose, as a result of good emulsification leading to decrease the interaction between toluene diisocyanate and water molecules. This may further cause more crosslinkage to take place at the urea groups, resulting in a decrease in the porosity of the capsules. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520816
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-strength polyethylene (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 1163-1169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene (PE) continuous filaments having high tensile strength as well as high Young's modulus have been obtained from several linear polyethylene materials by stretching a partially oriented spun yarn to a draw ratio of ≃30. The high draw ratio was readily attained for linear PE fiber extruded at a temperature of at least 250°C and quenched in air while under some intermediate tension. The number average molecular weight of the polymer was found to have the predominant effect on the ultimate tensile strength of the drawn fiber. Yarn with a tensile strength of 19 gpd (167 kg/mm2) and a Young's modulus of 854 gpd (7380 kg/mm2) was produced. Yarn with a Young's modulus of 1145 gpd (9890 kg/mm2) was made by sacrificing some tensile strength.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760191606
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extended-chain and folded-chain crystallite formation during the crystallization of stretched crosslinked rubbers (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 391-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The strain-induced crystallization phenomenon of a crosslinked polymer network was studied using statistical, thermodynamics. The basic approach was essentially that used by Flory (1), but in this work Flory's assumption of only a single crystalline phase (the extended-chain crystalline structure with chain parallel to stretch direction) was abandoned. The dimension of the crystalline vector-which is assumed to be parallel to the stretch direction and the percent crystallinity is taken as two independent variables instead of being treated as one single variable. A single variable treatment is inherent in the assumption of a single extended-chain crystallite. By use of the present approach, either the folded-chain crystallite or the extended-chain one is found to be thermodynamically stable depending on temperature, stretch ratio and molecular weight. The retractive force of a crystallized polymer network has been calculated. It is shown theoretically that the formation of an extended-chain crystallite will cause the retractive force to decrease, and that the formation of a folded-chain crystallite will cause the retractive force to increase in a reversible crystallization process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190604
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variables affecting parison diameter swell and their correlation with rheological parameters (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An important factor in the selection of blow molding resins for producing handled bottles is the effective diameter swell of the parison. Ideally, the diameter swell is directly related to the weight swell and would require no separate consideration. In actual practice, the existence of gravity, the finite parison drop time and the anisotropic aspects of the blow molding operation prevent reliable prediction of the parison diameter swell directly from the weight swell.The parison diameter swell is a complex function of the weight swell, the rate of swell and the melt strength. Elements of this function are presented which show the effect of extrusion rate, parison drop time and parison weight.A technique is presented which allows the estimation of local weight and diameter swell ratios. Their direct relationship is confirmed by data obtained on several blow molding resins. The relationship between weight swell and diameter swell is definitely anisotropic.A mathematical model for swell is proposed which incorporates experimentally determined rate constants and swell coefficients. Correlations are given which suggest fundamental relationships between these derived coefficients and basic variables such as resin properties or process conditions. The model's predictive capability is demonstrated by using it to back calculate parison dimensions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-curing of dental restorative resin (1983)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 23 (1983), S. 704-707 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The post-curing of a bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate based copolymer system at 37°C and 100 percent relative humidity was monitored using Fourier Transform IR (FT-IR). The dependence of degree of post-curing on the monomer and initiator components was investigated. The further polymerization achieved by elevating the temperature was measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results clearly demonstrated that this free radical curing process was severely quenched by vitrification. Furthermore, a rapid loss in the reactivity to further curing was observed for the material in the quenched state, and this loss in reactivity was attributed to the decay of free radicals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760231303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detecting margin leakage of dental composite restorations (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The degree of microleakage between a restoration and the cavity wall is difficult to quantify objectively. A silver-staining method is used and compared to the radioisotope method with results that indicate a superior definition and more accurate evaluation of microleakage. In addition to the accuracy, two advantages are presented: (1) scoring of the leakage can be refined and divided into more precise numbers, and (2) teeth can be observed directly in a microscope without resorting to the indirect interpretation of film or photograph.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170104
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