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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 142 (1925), S. 257-268 
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1585-1600 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Linear viscoelastic properties are found to be a sensitive measure of flow-induced structural changes in a block copolymer. Styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS) with 26% polystyrene (PS) forms a macrostructure in the quiescent state with grains of the order of 1-10 μm. Within each grain, phase separation gives rise to a regular two-phase microstructure with cylindrical PS domains with radius of the order of 200 Å. Large-amplitude oscillatory shear (γ = 4.5) at temperatures between 139 and 181°C was applied to after the grain structure with the objectives of removing the discontinuities at the grain boundaries and of aligning the domains into a continuous ultrastructure. The SBS behaved like a solid (tan δ 〈 1 at low ω) before and like a liquid (tan δ 〉 1) after shear modification. This change expressed itself in the removal of the long relaxation times from the linear viscoelastic spectrum; the intermediate and low relaxation times were not affected by the shear modification. The viscoelastic spectrum slowly recovered during annealing with recovery times of the order of the longest relaxation time of the quiescent structure. Birefringence studies showed that the SBS did not recover into its original grain structure but into a highly oriented domain structure. The discontinuities at the grain boundaries could not be removed completely.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 451-459 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Reaction of methylenedianiline and maleic anhydride in acetone, followed by cyclodehydration in the presence of acetic anhydride and 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane as a catalyst, affords a mixture of compounds, Desbimid, with maleimide, isomaleimide, and acetamide groups. Dissolution of this mixture in styrene and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate results in clear liquid resins. The viscosity of the formulated resins ranges from 100-1700 mPas at 25°C depending on the concentration of Desbimid. These systems can be processed and cured at ambient temperatures until demoulding and postcured at temperatures up to 200 or 250°C. The flexural modulus, flexural strength, and elongation at break of a number of cured formulations are found between 3500-3800 N/mm2, 90-115 N/mm2, and 2.7-3.5%, respectively.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 48 (1961), S. 59-71 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The initiation of the polymerization of styrene, butadiene, isoprene and vinyl ethers by means of alkylaluminum halides is due to the presence of traces of proton-active substances like water, hydrogen halides etc. In the presence of such small traces of proton-active substances the alkylaluminum halides also enables the isomerization of hydrocarbons (heptane-isoheptane).In the cases of the above mentioned monomers, even mixed catalysts of ZIEGLER- and NATTA-type works only if traces of water and hydrogen halides are present. The activity of mixed catalysts is comparable to that of the alkylaluminum halides, but they promote other structures.If exclusion of protons prevented the reaction and if addition of protons started the reaction, it is believed that the above dependence is existing. No such dependence was found for ethylene. In the case of propylene no significant results could be obtained.We try to explain the behavior in assuming two different types of polyreactions. Usually a so-called „Keimtyp“ takes place. The bifunctional monomer is added to the end of the growing chain and within one growing-cycle the bifunctional monomer acts only with one function. This type is existing in a free radical as well as in the free ionic polyreaction. In the „Prägetyp“ (replica-, complex- or insertion-type) the bifunctional monomer reacts with two functions within the growing-cycle. The monomer is inserted at a catalytic center into the growing chain and no free chain-end is formed.
    Notes: Es wurde gefunden, daß Alkylaluminiumchloride dann und nur dann die Polymerisation von Styrol, Isopren, Butadien, Dimethylbutadien und Vinyläther auslösen, wenn für die Anwesenheit sehr geringer Mengen protonenaktiver Substanzen wie H2O, HCl etc. gesorgt wird. Das gleiche gilt für eine den FRIEDEL-CRAFTS-Katalysatoren vergleichbare isomerisierende Wirkung der Alkylaluminiumchloride auf Kohlenwasserstoffe (Heptan).Es wurde gezeigt, daß in den Fällen der oben genannten Monomeren auch Mischkatalysatoren, wie sie z.B. aus TiCl4 und AlR3 oder CoCl2 und AlRCl2 entstehen, dann und nur dann die Polymerisation auslösen, wenn Spuren von H2O oder HCl anwesend sind. Die Mischkatalysatoren zeigen ein den reinen Alkylaluminiumhalogeniden vergleichbares Verhalten, liefern jedoch teilweise andere Strukturen.Der Beweis der Cokatalysatorabhängigkeit wurde in allen Fällen dadurch erbracht, daß bei Ausschluß von Wasser die Polyreaktion unterblieb, bei nachfolgendem Zusatz von Wasser aber eintrat.Beim Äthylen wurde keine solche Cokatalysatorabhängigkeit gefunden. Beim Propylen sind die Befunde unklar.Die cokatalysatorabhängige Polyreaktion wird dem durch monofunktionelle Wachstumsreaktion des Monomeren gekennzeichneten Keimtyp, die cokatalysatorunabhängige Polyreaktion des Äthylens dem durch das bifunktionelle Einwachsen des Monomeren gekennzeichneten Komplex- bzw. Prägetyp zugeordnet.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 48 (1935), S. 610-614 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Ziegler-Natta catalysts ; ansa-metallocene catalyst ; thermoplastic elastomeric poly(propylene) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Racemic-anti-[ethylidene(1-η5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) (1-η5-indenyl)dimethyltitanium (6) has been synthesized and its molecular structure determined by x-ray diffraction methods. The two Ti=Me(1) and Ti=Me(2) units have bond distances differing by 0.08 Å and their proton NMR resonances are separated by over 1 ppm. Using this compound and methylaluminoxane (MAO) as the activator, at 25°C the 6/MAO catalyst produced polypropylene having crystalline domain with physical crosslinks. The polymers obtained at lower polymerization temperatures are rheologically liquids. The behaviors of this catalyst system resembles closely the previously reported rac-[anti-ethylidene(1-η5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl) (1-η5-indenyl)dichlorotitanium (4)/MAO system. The structure of 6 determined here furnishes tangible support for the proposed two-state (isomeric)-switching propagation mechanism. Addition of MAO to 6 causes broadening of the Me(1) resonance in the 1H-NMR spectra, and 6 is decomposed by Ph3C+B(C6F5)-4. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8 (1985), S. 440-443 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Capillary column, fused silica ; EI-MS/CI-MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to facilitate the gas chromatographic determination of butyric as well as other short chain fatty acids, triglycerides containing these fatty acids were transbutylated and transpentylated to give FABES (fatty acid butyl esters) and FAPES (fatty acid pentyl esters), respectively. This method allows the molecular weight of the compounds to be increased while their polarity is decreased. Short chain esters elute sufficiently separated from the solvent; due to the decreased polarity, elution of long chain fatty acids is only slightly retarded compared to the corresponding methyl esters. Quantitative evaluation over a large series of injections proved the linearity of correction factors in both cases, FABES and FAPES, with a slight deviation for 16:0 and 18:0, respectively. Structural characterization was performed by GC/MS. It was shown that there are characterstic fragmentations for FABES as well as for FAPES. The El-mass spectra give structural information about the alcohol and acid moieties, the ester molecule and the Cl-spectra indicate the molecular weight. The absence of abundant highly characteristic peaks in the spectra of these esters makes the detection of FABES or FAPES in complex mixtures more difficult than the detection of FAMES with their very characteristic ions at m/z 74 and 87.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 30 (1990), S. 408-415 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A numerical method has been developed that takes the streamline finite difference method for modeling fully developed multilayer polymer flows and adds to it a simple means of accounting for nonisothermal conditions. In industrial practice, temperature control is often used to match material viscosities and, thereby, to avoid flow instabilities. By numerically calculating both viscosity ratios and normal stress difference ratios, the numerical method allows one to judge the relative stability of different flows and to choose an intelligent set of experiments when designing a coextrusion process. The algorithm has been successfully tested for a number of polymer melt constitutive equations in flows where the viscosity jumps no more than two orders of magnitude between fluids. Results for a rheologically well characterized polystyrene low-density polyethylene system and for an industrially interesting high-density polyethylene/Ultem system show that the common practice of matching zero-shear viscosities is overly simplistic when interface shear rate, conduction, normal stress, and flow rate effects are taken into account.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 773-776 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The melt rheology of phase separated blends of two thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) have been studied. The two components are a random copolyesters consisting of 73 mol% 4-hydrobenzoic acid (HBA) and 27 mol% 6-hydroxy-2-napthoic acid (Vectra A900 of Hoechst Celanese Corp.) and a poly(ethylene terephalate-co-4-oxybenzoate) containing 60 mol% HBA units (PET/60HBA of Eastman Kodak Corp.). Most striking is the effect of adding 10% PET/60HBA to Vectra A900: The viscosity at 290°C drops by a factor of 4 and the terminal zone of the relaxation time spectrum is shifted to much shorter times. This is an interesting effect that could be used for LCP processing even if its origin is not yet understood. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements support the hypothesis that the blend is phase separated and that no transestification reaction occurs during the experiments.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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