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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of antimony trihalides on flammability and ignitability of polyethylene (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 15 (1991), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The flammability and ignitability of polyethylene using antimony trihalide compounds as fire retardants was evaluated by standard methods to determine retardant effectiveness. Compared with other retardants, the antimony trihalide compounds, antimony tribromide and antimony trichloride, substantially reduced both the flammability and the ignitability of the polyethylene. The influence of retardant concentration, heat flux and type of polyethylene was also studied.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810150304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the synergistic action of antimony oxide in fire-retardant polyethylene (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 15 (1991), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fire-retardant effectiveness of mixtures of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and artimony oxide (Sb2O3) in polyethylene (PE) was examined utilizing differential thermal analysis (DTA), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) and limited oxygen index (LOI) techniques. It was determined that the normal practice of mixing Sb2O3 with HBCD induced a synergistic chemical reaction at 250°C whose main product, SbBr3, was responsible for enhanced fire retardancy. The mixing of SbBr3 directly into the PE produces a superior fire-retardant polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fam.810150107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    To BLEVE or not to BLEVE: Anatomy of a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 12 (1993), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The loss of containment (LOC) for Pressure Liquefied Gas (PLG) vessels under accidential fire engulfment is shown to be very complex. The LOC depends upon: (i) the extent and intesity of external heating, (ii) the pressure relief device (PRD) operation and flare (if contents flammable), (iii) the fluid and fill level, (iv) the construction of the vessel, and (v) the thermohydraulic history of the commodity prior to failure.The Simple experiments described here shows that there exists a new type of more powerful failure than the BLEVE. This even we call a BLCBE, a Boiling Liquid Compressed Bubble Explosion. A hypothesis is advanced to explain this mode of failure which is supported by an initial series of small scale experiments involving Argon, water, R11, and R123.A comprehensive test program to determine the details of the BLCBE and BLEVE failure modes is indicated along with work to determine methods of protection.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prs.680120202
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