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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 33 (1973), S. 129-142 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurden drei Cellulose-Styrol-Pfropfcopolymerisate durch heterogene, simultane Polymerisation hergestellt, die mit Gamma-Strahlen bei konstanter Dosisleistung, aber unterschiedlicher Bestrahlungsdauer gestartet wurden. Zunächst wurden diese Copolymerisate einer Extraktion mit siedendem Benzol ausgesetzt, um das nebenbei gebildete Polystyrol (PS) zu beseitigen; dann wurde die gepfropfte Cellulose durch Hydrolyse mit Schwefelsäure völlig abgebaut. Durch Anwendung einer dünnschicht-chromatographischen Technik (TLC) wurde jeder PS-Rück-stand in zwei Komponenten aufgetrennt, wovon eine irgendeinen Glukose-Rest an dem PS-Kettenende (PS-II(1)) trägt, während die andere keinen solchen trägt (PS-II(u)). Mit Hilfeder TLC wurde weiterhin das Gewichtsverhältnis der beiden Komponenten für jedes Pfropfsystem bestimmt, welches die Abschätzung der auf echte Aufpfropfung zurückzuführende Pfropfausbeute ermöglicht. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, wie schwer es ist, das innerhalb des Substrates gebildete Homopolymere aus dem Pfropfprodukt durch Extraktion vollkommen zu beseitigen.Für die PS-Rückstände, d.h. PS-II, PS-II(1) und PS-II(u), wurden die zahlenbzw. gewichtsmittleren Molekulargewichte (Mn, bzw. Mw) durch Gel-Chromato-graphie und andere Meßmethoden ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß der für PS-II erhaltene Mw-Wert vie1 höher ist als der für das in Lösung gebildete PS. Ein anderer Befund ist, daß der Mw-Wert der aufgepfropften PS-Seitenkette (PS-II(1)) unerwarteterweise größer ist als derjenige für PS-II (u), trotz der Tatsache, daß die beiden Polymeren doch innerhalb des Substrates simultan gebildet wurden. Ferner wurde festgestellt, daß die Molekulargewichtsverteilung von PS-II, wie oft berichtet wurde, recht breit ist, daß sie sich aber als Folge einer Überlagerung der zwei ziemlich engen Verteilungen von PS-II(1) und PS-II(u) ergibt. Unter Verwendung der hierdurch erhaltenen Daten wurde die Aufpfropffrequenz eines bei einer Gesamtdosis von 2×106 Röntgen hergestellten Cellulose-Pfropfproduktes zu 0,03 bestimmt.
    Notes: Three cellulose-styrene graft copolymers were prepared by heterogeneous mutual polymerization technique, initiated by gamma-rays at a constant dose rate for different time intervals. The cellulose grafts were subjected to extraction with boiling benzene to remove the attendant homopolystyrene (PS), and then the cellulose backbones were degraded by acid hydrolysis. Each PS residue after hydrolysis has been separated with a thin layer chromatography (TLC) into two components: one involves some sugar residues due to hydrolysis at one of the chain ends, whereas the other does not. The former and latter components separated from a PS residue (PS-II) were denoted as PS-II(l) and PS-II(u), respectively. By making further use of TLC, the weight fraction of these components for each graft product has been determined, which allowed assessment of the per cent grafting due to true grafting. It is pointed out how difficult is the extraction of homopolymer from graft product.Number and weight average molecular weights, Mn and Mw, of PS-II, PS-II(1) and PS-II(u) have been determined by gel permeation chromatography, and others. The results indicated that Mw found for PS-II was much higher than that for PS produced in solution. Another finding was that Mw for PS-II(l), i.e., truely grafted PS, was unexpectedly larger than that for PS-II(u), despite these polymers were formed both simultaneously inside the substrate. Further it was found that the molecular wieght distribution of PS-II was appreciably broad, but this did result from a superposition of two fairly narrow distributions for PS-II(l) and PS-II(u). The grafting frequency for a cellulose graft prepared at a total dose of 2 Mrads was assessed to be 0.03 by using necessary data obtained so far.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The protected dipeptide Boc-Aib-Pro-OBzl, C21H30N2O5, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121, with a = 12.820, b = 10.529, c = 16.548Å, and Z = 4. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.074 for 1352 reflections. The Boc-Aib-Pro-OBzl molecule has been shown to adopt an unfolded conformation in the solid state with φAib = 50.5°, ΨAib = 45.3°, φPro = -64.6°, and ΨPro = 148.1°. The result is in marked contrast with the reported crystal structure of Cbz-Aib-Pro-NHMe, which adopts an intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded β-turn conformation. Comparison with 13 reported conformations of Aib-Pro sequences in the crystalline state revealed that the Aib-Pro sequence adopts an unfolded conformation if the residue that immediately follows the dipeptide sequence possesses no hydrogen available for hydrogen bonding, while a β-turn conformation is preferred if the Pro residue is followed by an NH group. Correlation between pyrrolidine ring puckering of the Pro residue and main-chain conformation in Aib-Pro sequences is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 29 (1990), S. 1057-1064 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The x-ray diffraction study of the C-terminally unprotected tripeptide benzyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-α-aminoisobutyl-α-aminoisobutylic acid (Z-L-Ala-Aib-Aib-OH) has shown that the molecule adopts a consecutive type III β-turn, which characterizes a right-handed 310 helix. A very weak 4 → 1 intramolecular hydrogen bond with the long N-O distance of 3.32 Å, and a unique “oxy analogue” of the 4 → 1 hydrogen bond with the O-O distance of 2.77 Å, were observed. The stability of the observed conformation with the asymmetric Aib residues was theoretically evaluated by a conformation-energy calculation. The stereochemical characteristics of Aib and Ala residues were made clear by a comparison of the conformations of the short peptides containing both Aib and Ala residues.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of the isovaline (Iva) containing dipeptides, Boc-D-Iva-L-Pro-OBzl and Boc-L-Iva-L-Pro-OBzl, were determined by x-ray diffraction. The diastereomeric peptides were shown to adopt unturned conformations closely similar to each other (φIva 52°, ψIva 46°, φPro-65°, and ψPro 143° for D-Iva-L-Pro sequence and φIva 52°, ψIva 44°, φPro -63°, and ψpro 148° for L-Iva-L-Pro sequence). The Pro ring of each peptide was in Cγ-endo conformation. The unusually large ∠CIva-NPro-CδPro values (131° in both peptides) were observed, that was due to steric repulsion between the δ-methylene of Pro and the alkyl side chain of Iva residue. These conformations were essentially the same as that of the corresponding α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)-containing peptide Boc-Aib-L-Pro-OBzl. The result has demonstrated that replacement of either one of the two methyl groups of the Aib residue in Boc-Aib-L-Pro-OBzl with an ethyl group does not cause any significant change in the unturned conformation of the dipeptide. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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