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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz in der Lebensmittelindustrie (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 513-517 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and corrosion protection in the food industriesThe corrosion of equipment and packaging materials being contacted with food products can result in undesirable alterations of aspect and flavour and in serious cases may give rise to intoxication. Corrosion protection must therefore consider the material to be processed as well as the material of construction. Machinery for processing food products are mostly made of stainless steel which should have a certain molybdenum content to possess sufficient pitting resistance in salt solutions. Aluminium can be used in many instances, provided the particular medium contains neither halides nor bases. Plastic coatings are used increasingly in recent time. In such cases, however, one has to consider, in addition to the corrosion resistance of the materials, the danger of migration of certain ingredients such as plastifier or stabilizers. On the product side one may rely on the inhibiting efficiency of certain constituents, e. g. gelatine.
    Notes: Die Korrosion der Anlagen und Verpackungen, die mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen, kann zu unerwünschten Veränderungen des Aussehens und des Geschmacks und in ernsten Fällen sogar zu Vergiftungen führen. Beim Korrosionsschutz muß man daher sowohl vom Material als auch won den Lebensmitteln her ausgehen. Die Maschinen, die mit Lebensmitteln in Berührung kommen, werden meist aus nichtrostendem Stahl gefertigt, vorzugsweise mit einem gewissen Molybdängehalt, um ausreichende Beständigkeit gegen Lochfraß in Salzlösungen zu gewährleisten. Aluminium kann in zahlreichen Fällen verwendet werden, sofern das jeweilige Medium weder Halogenide noch Basen enthält. In neuerer Zeit verwendet man zunehmend Kunststoffüberzüge. Dabei ist jedoch nicht nur die Korrosionsbeständigkeit dieser Materialien zu berücksichtigen, sondern ebenso die Gefahr der Migration von Bestandteilen (z. B. Weichmacher, Stabilisatoren) aus dem Kunststoff. Produktseitig kann man berücksichtigen, daß manche Bestandteile (z. B. Gelatine) inhibierend wirken.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240608
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of Sulfated Lex-TrisaccharidesDedicated to Prof. Dr. R. R. Schmidt on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 441-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The regioselective sulfation of a Lex-trisaccharide having free hydroxyl groups in 2-, 3- and 4- position of the galactose elucidated their different reactivities and gave mono- and disulfated Lex derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370196
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexible Molecules with Defined Shape, VII.Part VI: Ref. [1] Conformational Analysis of 3,5-Dimethylhexene Derivatives, Subunits of Polyketide Derived Natural Products (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1757-1764 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Conformational analysis ; Force field calculations ; MM3 ; Polyketide natural products ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2,4-Dimethylpentane (1) is a typical biconformational backbone segment. When one methyl group in 1 is replaced by a sp2 bound residue (vinyl, formyl, phenyl), as in compounds 3-6, a small preference for conformer 2b ensues, in which the sp2 bound group resides in the sterically more hindered position. Oxygen substituents in the 3-position do not change this conformational preference, but in concert with bulkier sp2-hybridized groups in the 2-position, a preference for the 2a backbone conformation may be induced, in which the sp2-hybridized group is in the less sterically hindered end-of-chain position, cf. compounds 20 and 23.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970819
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model concept of floc disintegration in centrifugal fields (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 12 (1989), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model of floc destruction resulting form mass forces in a centrifugal field is postulated and its validity examined. This model is to be regarded as a supplement to the existing shear-loading disagglomeration models. In order to verify this additional floc disintegration mechanism, appropriate investigations were carried out with flocculated suspensions of silica and Hamburg dock sludge. As a result, in addition to floc disintegration by shear forces within a turbulent flow and in the centrifuge inlet, the existence of another mechanism was demonstrated. This consists in the floc destruction in a centrifugal field where particles in excess of a certain size, or specifically heavier components, are preferentially torn out of the floc. This floc disintegration by mass forces can lead to a classification effect in centrifuges which also subject the flocs to instant high centrifugal forces.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270120127
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified model describing the role of hydrogen in the growth of Desulfovibrio vulgaris under different environmental conditions (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 732-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Desulfovibrio vulgaris ; hydrogen cycling ; kinetics ; thermodynamics ; modeling ; anaerobic ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unified model for the growth of Desulfovibrio vulgaris under different environmental conditions is presented. The model assumes the existence of two electron transport mechanisms functioning simultaneously. One mechanism results in the evolution and consumption of hydrogen, as in the hydrogen-cycling model. The second mechanism assumes a direct transport of electrons from the donor to the acceptor, without the participation of H2. A combination of kinetic and thermodynamic conditions control the flow of electrons through each pathway. The model was calibrated using batch experiments with D. vulgaris grown on lactate, in the presence and absence of sulfate, and was verified using additional batch experiments under different conditions. The model captured the general trends of consumption of substrates and accumulation of products, including the transient accumulation and consumption of H2. Furthermore, the model estimated that 48% of the electrons transported from lactate to sulfate involved H2 production, indicating that hydrogen cycling is a fundamental process in D. vulgaris. The presence of simultaneous electron transport mechanisms might provide D. vulgaris with important ecological advantages, because it facilitates a rapid response to changes in environmental conditions. This model increases our ability to study the microbial ecology of anaerobic environments and the role of Desulfovibrio species in a variety of environments. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:732-746, 1998.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Oberharzer Schlacke vom Bleierzschmelzen (1932)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 206 (1932), S. 356-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19322060403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The silaguanidinium cation and the search for a stable silylium cation in condensed phases (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 869-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: ab initio calculations ; silaguanidinium cations ; silylium cations ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantium mechanical calculations at the MP2/6-31 G(d) level are reported for the silaguanidinium cation Si(NH2)3+ (1) and derivatives thereof. The equilibrium structure 1a has D3 symmetry with planar amino groups rotated out of the SiN3 plane by 19.60. The Si-N bond length of 1 a (1.658 Å) is intermediate between a single and a double bond. Isodesmic reactions show that the stabilization of the silylium cation 1 a by the amino groups (63.5 kcal mol-1) is about 40% of the resonance stabilization of the guanidinium cation (159.3 kcal mol-1), but 1 a is clearly better stabilized than alkyl-substituted silylium cations. The electronic stabilization of 1 a by the amino groups is also made obvious by the calculated complexation energy with one molecule of water. The calculated stabilization through complexation of water at HF/6- 31 G(d) is markedly lower for Si(NH2)3-(H2O)+ (6) (28.8 kcal mol-1) than for SiMe3(H2O)+ (40.6 kcal mol-1). The tris(dimethylamino) silylium cation Si(N-Me2)3+ (8) is even more stable than 1 a. The complexation energy of Si(NMe2)3-(H2O)+ (10) is only 17.3 kcal mol-1. IGLO calculations of the 29Si N M R chemical shifts predict that 1 a and 8 should not show the same extremely low shielding that is calculated for alkyl-sub-stituted silylium ions. The calculated 29Si resonances for 8 are in reasonable agreement with the experimental N M R spectrum of (Me2N)3 SiB(C6F5)4. AM 1 calculations predict that the substituted tripyrrolidino silylium cation 12 would be an even better candidate for a stable tricoordinate silylium cation in condensed phases. One of the pyrrolidine rings of 12 has tert-butyl groups in the 2 and 5 positions, which serve as a steric fence around the silicon atom.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.1460020717
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of nucleic acids with wavelengths in the ultraviolet and infrared (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 6 (1992), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A number of different matrices have been tested and compared for ultraviolet and ubfrared (UV and IR) matrix-assisted lasedr desorption/ionization (MALDI) of oligodeoxyribonucleotides and mixtures thereof, as well as ribonucleic acids (tRNA from yeast and rRNA from Ecoli). A new technique for removing alkali cations from nucleic acid samples during sample preparation on the sample support is demonstrated. The amount of oligonucleotide sample consumed during a typical measurement in IR-MALDI-MS was determined.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290061212
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of hydrogen-deuterium exchange to facilitate peptide sequencing by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (1993)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 7 (1993), S. 58-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The utility of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for sequencing peptides by mass spectrometry is demonstrated. The number of exchangeable hydrogens in a peptide is readily obtained by electrospray analysis of the peptide dissolved in deuterated solvents. This information can be used, in conjunction with published computer algorithms for interpreting peptide mass spectra, to reduce significantly the number of candidate sequences that fit the experimentsl data. This information, when combined with fragment-ion information in the mass spectrum, greatly increases the reliability of sequence determination.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290070114
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rats with portacaval shunt as a potential experimental pharmacokinetic model for liver cirrhosis: Application to carvedilol stereopharmacokinetics (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: enantiomers ; conjugates ; protein binding ; tissue binding ; stereoselective pharmacokinetics ; first-pass effect ; drug metabolism ; liver disease ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As an experimental model for reduced liver function rats with surgical portacaval shunts (pcs) may be used. Carvedilol, a nonselective β-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasodilating activity, is extensively metabolised by phase I as well as phase II pathways. In order to study the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of carvedilol in liver disease, pcs and control rats were given rac-carvedilol intravenously and p.o. The carvedilol enantiomers and their conjugates were assayed in plasma, urine, and bile. Carvedilol was highly bound to plasma proteins; binding was reduced by pcs. In all groups, the plasma concentrations of (R)-carvedilol exceeded those of (S)-carvedilol significantly. In comparison to the control group the plasma concentrations of both enantiomers increased after pcs, while the difference between the stereoisomers decreased. The total clearance decreased proportionally to the decrease in liver weight (30%). Both the apparent oral clearance, as well as its stereoselectivity were reduced, by up to 90 and 43%, respectively. The biliary clearance of the parent drug after i.v. dosage increased in rats with pcs due to the reduced hepatic metabolism. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050102
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