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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 16 (1903), S. 34-37 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 50 (1967), S. 2011-2018 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molar penamaldate value of benzylpenicilloic acid and the influence of large amounts of benzylpenicillin on the estimation of penamaldate values and penamaldate stabilities of benzylpenicilloic acid and ε-(benzylpenicilloyl-α-amido)-caproic acid have been determined. The molar penamaldate values of purified benzylpenicilloate and of benzylpenicillin hydrolyzed in alkali were equal, indicating that benzylpenicillin upon alkaline hydrolysis is converted to penicilloic acid exclusively, with no side reactions occurring to any considerable degree. Benzylpenicilloate mutarotates in neutral solution as well as in alkali, the reaction being unaffected by metal ion complexing with ethylene diamine tetraacetate. ε-(Benzylpenicilloyl-α-amido)-caproate also mutarotates in alkali; no mutarotation occurs however in neutral solution. Different mechanisms of epimerisation have therefore to be considered for the mutarotations of penicilloates and of α-amides of penicilloic acid respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 55 (1972), S. 1062-1074 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a series of dodecapeptide ethyl esters containing L-leucine, L-ala-nine, glycine and L-lysine is described. These peptides are suitable carriers for the preparation of haptenic conjugates to be used in antigenicity studies. The strategy for preparing intermediary hexapeptides has been called a two-phase approach since the elongation of the peptide chain is carried out stepwise in a water-immiscible organic phase, whereas removal of side-products and excess reagent is effected by means of a suitably adapted aqueous phase. The method allows an efficient production of relatively large amounts of fully defined peptide antigens.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The partition between solution and solid phase of several 14C-labeled amino acids initially present in tracer amounts in the solution phase of stirred suspensions of crystalline amino acids was studied. The partitions examined were stereospecific since the labeled L-amino acid molecules were readily taken up from the solution phase by the corresponding L-crystals whereas the isomeric D-CryStdS incorporated the labeled L-molecules at a reduced rate (as exemplified by alanine and serine) or did not incorporate labeled L-molecules at all. If a sufficiently large excess of crystalline phase as compared to the amount of solute is employed and if incorporation takes place the radioactivity in solution decreases to a small and practically constant fraction of its initial value. The incorporation of various labeled L-amino acids into a crystalline L-leucine phase was also studied. The rate of uptake was characteristic for each amino acid. The partition experiments can be performed easily and may be used for analytical and preparative purposes. From studies of leucine and tyrosine systems it is concluded that the partitions observed depend on dissolution and crystallisation processes coupled with crystal fragments which are present or formed during the stirring in the crystal suspension.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aminolysis of penicillins by ε-amino groups at pH 7,4 is demonstrated. It is shown that penicillenic acid, formed spontaneously under these conditions from penicillins, does not contribute significantly to the penicilloylations observed. Penicillin therefore can directly form penicilloylamides under physiological conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aminolysis of two penicillin-like compounds which cannot form penicillenic acid has been studied: 16-Aminopenicillanic acid (which is highly immunogenic) reacts directly with ε-amino groups at pH 7,4 under CO2-free conditions; the possible role of its polymerisation in this reaction remains to be studied.26-Dinitrophenylamino-penicillanic acid reacts with εamino groups at pH 7,4 as fast as benzylpenicillin and other penicillins. Its immunogenicity in the rabbit is similar to that of benzylpenicillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 49 (1966), S. 1689-1694 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The distinction between derivatives of penicilloic acids with modified α-carboxyl function and the corresponding penicilloic acids themselves by means of a photometric test is described. The procedure involves conversion of the penicillin derivatives to penamaldates by the action of mercuric chloride, and comparison of the stability of the extinction at 282 nm in phosphate buffer at pH 7,4. The stabilities of the free penamaldates made from penicilloic acids are quite low (half life 4 to 5 minutes) and contrast with the high stabilities of penamaldoyl derivatives obtained from the α-derivatives of penicilloic acids. Some characteristics of the method are discussed, and its potential usefulness for the quantitative analysis of mixtures of penicilloic acid and α-derivatives of penicilloic acid is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 22 (1983), S. 475-479 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Anaphylactogenic, monohaptenic conjugates carrying a 2,4-dinitro-5-carboxyphenyl substituent as haptenic group and either one of two types of auxiliary groups essential for their anaphylactogenicity were studied. The “hydrocarbon auxiliary groups” require the presence of a hydrocarbon structure such as aliphatic chains of discrete length or planar rings such as provided by phenyl- or nicotinoyl residues and become particularly effective in conjunction with a carboxylate group. The benzylpenicilloyl group is an effective auxiliary structure, but the thiazolidine ring as such is not. It appears that the distance between haptenic and hydrocarbon auxiliary groups can be quite large. The “carbohydrate auxiliary group” becomes effective via a different mechanism. It requires disaccharide residues or two closely connected monosaccharides. Single monosaccharides are ineffective. A concept of interest with regard to drug allergy is the possibility that attachment of a single haptenic molecule to a glycoprotein constitutes an anaphylactogen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 19 (1886), S. 558-560 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 19 (1886), S. 3156-3163 
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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