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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase behavior of hydrogen-light-hydrocarbon systems (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 3 (1957), S. 236-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The decreasing solubility of hydrogen in hydrocarbons with decreasing temperature continues down to the freezing point of the hydrocarbons, around -300°F. This behavior is shown to be an enlargement of phenomena exhibited by normal hydrocarbon mixtures. Methods of predicting equilibrium-phase compositions are presented for hydrogen in ligh-hydrocarbon systems. The correlations are satisfactory for binary and certain ternary systems, but are not reliable for complex mixtures.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690030219
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamic and kinetic study of the dissociation of arachin (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 35-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dissociation of arachin has been studied over a range of pH values, ionic strengths, temperatures, and protein concentrations and standard energy values have been calculated. The standard entropy changes and standard heat contents were found to be lower than would be expected and possible reasons for this are discussed. The Kc values varied on altering the protein concentration and are considered to be dependent on a function of the ratio of concentration to ionic strength.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1203112205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The denaturation of the proteins of the groundnut (arachis hypogaea) with guanidinium salts, metal salts, and urea (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 32 (1958), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The denaturation of arachin and conarachin II with urea, guanidinium chloride and thiocyanate, and of arachin with alkali metal thiocyanates and lithium halides has been examined using sedimentation velocity and viscosity techniques. The effect of various anions on the alkaline denaturation of arachin has also been investigated. It was found that with reagents which denature arachin and conarachin II at similar rates, the arachin half molecule was not observed as an intermediate stage in the arachin denaturation with the exception of lithium chloride. The denaturation of arachin with urea and guanidinium chloride was faster at pH 10 than at pH 8. The denaturing power of the alkali metal thiocyanates decreased in the order Li, Na, K, and of lithium halides in the order Lil, LiBr, LiCl. It was found that in the case of denaturation with guanidiniun and alkali metal salts, the cation appeared to be the main denaturant but anions inhibited the denaturation with the exception of the thiocyanate ion which was either noninhibiting or was itself a denaturant. With ionic denaturants in general the nature of both ions was important.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1203212416
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the rates of denaturation of arachin and conarachin II (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 26 (1957), S. 199-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rates of denaturation of arachin and conarachin II with sodium hydroxide and guanidine hydrochloride have been studied. Arachin is more susceptible to denaturation with both reagents. The rates of denaturation of the two proteins with sodium hydroxide or guanidine hydrochloride are decreased by increasing the sodium chloride concentration. Arachin is changed by both denaturants to slowly sedimenting material by way of an intermediate sedimenting component, but no intermediate component has been observed with conarachin II. Whereas the rate of alkaline denaturation of both proteins is very sensitive to temperature changes, with guanidine hydrochloride the rate is not affected appreciably by changes in temperature. This would indicate that an appreciable activation energy is required for the alkaline denaturation. Confirmation of this is seen in that the alkaline denaturation is always completely irreversible whereas with guanidine hydrochloride some reversibility has been observed. Although there was no increase in rate with increase in protein concentration for either protein, in no case did the plot of log concentration vs. time give the straight line graph expected of a reaction which is first order with respect to protein concentration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202611307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ueber die Natur einer Sulfo- und Sulfnitrobibrombenzolsäure (1873)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 167 (1873), S. 117-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18731670113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the curing kinetics of unsaturated polyesters with styrene (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 485-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The curing kinetics of a general purpose unsaturated polyester (UP) with styrene was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and dielectric capacitance measurements. Benzoyl peroxide was used as initiator. Results showed that there is a complete change in the phenomenological kinetics, in different temperature ranges. At low temperatures (70-90°C), the rate went through a maximum and then showed a first-order decay. At high temperatures (100-160°C) a second-order kinetics was suitable for all the conversion range. At T 〉 160°C another mechanism took place when the initiator amount was less than a critical value. From the changes in the dielectric capacitance it was inferred that the conversion rate of UP unsaturations followed a first-order decay after a certain conversion, with an activation energy close to values reported for diffusion of UP radicals. Possible free radical mechanisms accounting for experimental observations are discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1983.070280205
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curing of epoxy resins with in situ-generated substituted ureas (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 39 (1990), S. 383-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An epoxy resin based on bisphenol-A diglycidylether (DGEBA) was cured with a substituted urea generated in situ from the reaction of piperidine with an equivalent amount of toluenediisocyanate (TDI). Curing at 100°C or higher temperatures, during 24 h, led to a complete conversion of epoxy groups and the appearance of aliphatic ethers and oxazolidone rings as revealed by IR spectra. The epoxy conversion was proportional to the oxazolidone concentration. The reaction heat was (-ΔH) = 61 kJ/eq. The maximum Tg was 102°C, e.g., the same value as the one obtained with piperidine alone. Thus, the cure with the substituted urea leads to a similar network but has the following advantages: increase in the latency of the initial formulation, absence of secondary amine volatilization (reproducible curing schedule), and decrease in the reaction heat per epoxy equivalent.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070390215
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber-modified epoxies. III. Analysis of experimental trends through a phase separation model (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 42 (1991), S. 717-735 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A phase separation model was used to simulate the morphologies obtained in a system consisting of a diepoxide based on bisphenol-A diglycidylether cured with a cycloaliphatic diamine, in the presence of an epoxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile random copolymer (ETBN). A detailed analysis of experimental factors affecting resulting morphologies was previously reported. The model, based on a thermodynamic description through a Flory-Huggins equation, and constitutive equations for polymerization and phase separation rates, could explain most of the observed trends. A nucleation-growth mechanism was believed to take place because of the very low values of interfacial tensions for this type of systems. Conditions which would lead to spinodal demixing are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070420316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rubber-Modified epoxies. IV. Influence of morphology on mechanical properties (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of a system consisting of a bisphenol A diglycidylether (DGEBA) expoxy, cured with a cycloaliphatic diamine (4,4′-diamino-3,3 dimethyldicyclohexyl-methane, 3DCM), in the presence of an epoxy-terminated butadiene-acrylonitrile random copolymer (ETBN), was studied as a function of the cure schedule and the initial rubber concentration. Fracture toughness (KIc) and fracture energy (GIc) were increased, while Young's modulus and yield strength decreased slightly with increasing volume fraction of the dispersed phase. We show that there is no significant influence of the precure schedule and of the various observed particle diameters on the mechanical properties for a constant rubber volume fraction. In our case, the main deformation process in the rubber-modified epoxy networks is shear yielding while cavitation is negligible.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curing of diepoxides with tertiary amines: Influence of temperature and initiator concentration on polymerization rate and glass transition temperature (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 967-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cure of an epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), with benzyldimethylamine (BDMA), was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetics showed a first-order behavior with respect to both epoxy and tertiary amine concentrations and a non-Arrhenius dependence on temperature. An activation energy could be defined only in the low-temperature range, i.e., from 80 to 120°C. Its value (E = 24.2 kJ/mol = 5.8 kcal/mol) indicates a very slight dependence on temperature. The glass transition temperature of epoxy networks decreased with an increase in both the tertiary amine concentration and the cure temperature. These effects are attributed to plastification by the free amine and to the decrease in the average length of polyether chains, which, in turn, increases the number of network defects.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430514
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