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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 6 (1960), S. 669-675 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: By means of a moveable sensing probe previously described2 local shell-side heat transfer coefficients and friction losses were measured on a model tubular heat exchanger containing orifice baffles. The heat exchanger shell was 6-in. nominal I.D. and 45 in. in length and contained four tubes in triangular arrangement passing through orifice baffles. Baffle hole diameters of 1-/16, 1-2/16, 1-3/16, and 1-5/16 in. and baffle spacings of 4.0 and 9.0 in. were studied. Data were taken at several air flow rates for each of the four baffle hole diameters.The average heat transfer coefficient for the region between two central baffles was correlated with an empirical equation based on only two baffle spacings.An increase in the baffle-to-tube clearance caused a decrease in heat transfer. An increase in the baffle spacing also resulted in a decrease in heat transfer. Four flow zones in the baffle space are postulated from the analysis of Nusselt number distribution along the tube. The heat transfer characteristics in each of the four flow zones were analyzed in terms of the mechanism of the fluid flow.The pressure-drop data were correlated in terms of an annular orifice coefficient of discharge and an orifice-pressure-drop function. As a result of this study a method was developed by which one can predict the average of the local coefficients at the baffle position from the knowledge of pressure drop across a single baffle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 667-675 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A scheme of on-line optimizing control is presented for a nonadiabatic fixed bed reactor which experiences a highly exothermic reaction. The control scheme has been devised to perform adaptive control of bed temperature and on-line steady state optimization simultaneously.Experiments were conducted with a pilot scale fixed bed reactor where partial oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride occurs. The reactor system was interfaced with a microcomputer for real-time control and optimization. With an objective function consisting of a net profit by producing maleic anhydride plus a penalty term on high bed temperature, it was clearly shown that the reaction conditions were driven to the expected optimum region.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 695-707 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: This work investigates the increase of adhesion between glass fiber and BMI. Five kinds of organometallic coupling agents of Ti, Zr, and Zr/Al are used to treat the fiber surface and then to reinforce BMI. A more efficient way is to mix the coupling agents directly into BMI and then reinforce by glass fiber. Then compare the adhesion of resulting composites, which are made by two methods described as above. As a result, the mechanical properties of the latter is slightly lower than the former. The Ti coupling agents are most effective, followed by Zr coupling agents and then Zr/Al coupling agents. Mixing Ti coupling agent directly into BMI, the degree of curing measured by DSC is 90%, the shear strength of the GFRP increases 31.9%, the flexural strength increases 30.8%, and the tensile strength increases 34.0%. Analyzing the chemical bonding by FT-IR, we found that choosing the organometallic coupling agent of type [RO-Ti (OX-R'NH2)3] and adding it to BMI can most effectively improve the adhesion. TGA shows that directly mixing coupling agent into BMI only changes a little of its thermal cracking temperature. Observed by SEM, we know that using coupling agent can promote adhesion between BMI and glass fiber.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 683-694 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In order to increase the chemical bonding force between fiber and resin, several kinds of organometallic coupling agent (such as titanate, zirconate, and zircoaluminate) were chosen and added in the BMI resin formulation, which possess the same solvent system with those coupling agents. The DSC analysis technique was used to find the best curing condition, and TGA was used to investigate the thermal stability property of the best curing condition. For the purpose of analyzing the bonding structure, ESCA surface element analysis techniques was applied in this study. Beside that, the mechanical properties of tensile, flexural, and short-beam shear strengths were measured for the effect of adding coupling agents, and the SEM of fracture surfaces were taken to study the fractural analysis. The results showed that composites with the application of organometallic coupling agents of [RO-Ti(OX-R′NH2)3] structure in the treatment of BMI resin were highly thermal stable. Also, it was shown that the mechanical strengths of composites fabricated by pretreatment of the carbon fibers with coupling agents were higher than those fabricated by adding coupling agents in resins, but there was no obvious improvement of mechanical properties with higher concentration of coupling agents. However, the SEM showed that the adhesion between fiber and resin can actually be improved by adding proper amount of coupling agents in the BMI resin formulation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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