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  • Chemistry  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical behavior of binary blends polyethylene/EPDM rubber and polypropylene/EPDM rubber (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 463-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical behavior of the binary blends high-density polyethylene/EPDM rubber (ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer) and isotactic polypropylene/EPDM rubber was investigated by means of a free-oscillating torsional pendulum. Comparison of the moduli of the systems studied and predictions drawn from several models show that phase inversion in the polyethylene/EPDM blends takes place at the volume fraction vPE = 0.5, while polypropylene preserves a certain phase continuity also as the minor component (0.5 〉 vPP 〉 0.2) in blends with EPDM. Because of faster shrinkage in the course of cooling, inclusions are exposed to negative hydrostatic pressure, which accounts for a drop in the glass-transition temperature of the rubber. The strength of the relaxation associated with the glass transition of inclusions and tensile impact strength increase proportionately to the rubber content in polypropylene (0 〈 vEPDM 〈 0.4). Dynamic mechanical response spectra of commercial EPDM/polyethylene impact modifiers are compared with the results for model systems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070611
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical behavior and structure of ternary blends of polypropylene/EPDM rubber/polyethylene (1986)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 7 (1986), S. 472-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The dynamic mechanical behavior of ternary blends of isotactic polypropylene (80-0 percent)/EPDM rubber (20 percent)/high-density polyethylene (0-80 percent) was investigated in the temperature range from -196 to 100°C by means of a free-oscillating torsional pendulum. The structure of the blends was examined by a scanning electron microscope on etched surfaces cut by a fractured glass edge in liquid nitrogen. Dynamic mechanical response spectra and microphotographs of the systems studied show that the minor thermoplastic forms the core of EPDM rubber inclusions. At 20 percent rubber in the blends, the inclusions can accommodate from 20 to 30 percent polyethylene or polypropylene. Addition of either thermoplastic not exceeding this limit has almost the same effect on the stiffness, damping, and yield stress of the blends as the addition of the same amount of rubber. Ternary blends with equal or slightly different polypropylene and polyethylene fractions have the structure of interpenetrating phases in which EPDM rubber forms the interface layer.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750070612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical behavior of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-glass beads composites (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 841-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dynamic relaxation behavior of a model two-phase system, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-glass beads, was studied by means of a freely oscillating torsional pendulum. The effect of the filler content on the storage and loss moduli of the composites could be described in terms of the modified Kerner equation in complex form. At temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the matrix, the agreement between experimental and theoretical data was satisfactory after correction for thermally induced stress due to different thermal expansion coefficients of matrix and filler. In the presence of filler, the capacity of the matrix to store and dissipate energy increases, but the character of molecular motions underlying the dispersions observed is preserved because the temperature of the dispersions remains unchanged. The effect of water on the dynamic relaxation behavior of composites is primarily reflected in changes in the shape of the temperature dependence of the dissipating capacity of the matrix. The data allow the conclusion to be drawn that the chain mobility at the interphase boundary does not decrease and that no additional frictional mechanisms appear.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200325
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of reinforcement in the composites polyurethane rubber-crosslinked polymeric filler (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 23 (1979), S. 1553-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the components of the complex tensile and shear modulus of composites thermoplastic polyurethane rubber (Estan 5707)-crosslinked polymeric filler has been determined using torsional pendulum and Rheovibron viscoelastometer techniques. For comparison, dynamic mechanical properties of the system Estan 5707-glass beads were determined. The temperature dependence of the relative modulus (modulus of composite/modulus of matrix) of the former composites exhibited a pronounced maximum at about 50°C above the glass transition temperature of the matrix. This maximum of reinforcement was discussed in terms of (a) immobilized interfacial layer, (b) broadening of the spectrum of relaxation times, and (c) increase in the glass transition temperature of the matrix. From the excess reinforcement, i.e., the discrepancy between experimental data and theoretical prediction, an apparent thickness of the immobilized layer was calculated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070230524
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of ultraviolet light on the mechanical properties of polyethylene and polypropylene films (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 2457-2466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Measurements were made of dynamic mechanical response spectra and stress-strain properties at room temperature on films of isotactic polypropylene and low-density polyethylene prior and after ultraviolet irradiation in a Xenotest 450 apparatus. The period of irradiation that caused a deep deterioration of ultimate mechanical properties influenced the dynamic mechanical properties only insignificantly. This is attributed to the heterogeneous nature of the photo-oxidative degradation process which is concentrated in a finite number of sites, thus forming crack precursors rather than changing the material properties in bulk. For a biaxially oriented tubular film of low-density polyethylene, anisotropic embrittlement after exposure in Xenotest 450 was observed. This even reversed the order of strain-at-break values in the two main directions of the film. This is remarkably similar to the effect of artificial incisions introduced into the specimens.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070270716
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical properties of model synthetic tendonsPartly presented at the 8th International Congress on Rheology, Naples, September 1980. (1981)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 15 (1981), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Model synthetic tendons consisting of 20 vol % of texturized poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers and of the water-swollen poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) matrix have the tensile modulus E = 1.5 ± 0.1 GPa, strength and strain-at-break σb = 85 ± 10 MPa and ∊b = 0.08 ± 0.02. The force required for breaking tendons with the diameters 2, 3, 4 mm is, respectively, 300, 500, and 960 N. By these properties model synthetic tendons closely imitate the properties of natural tendons. Long-term (100 min) and repeated short-term (30 times 1 min) creep shows that on loading model tendons lose some 10% of their stiffness, but that the whole deformation is reversible. The shape of the compliance vs. time dependence of synthetic tendons closely resembles the dependence determined for the parent fiber. The stiffness and strength of a tendon are given by those of the fiber bundle used; by varying fiber volume fraction, it is possible to adjust the required mechanical properties of tendons.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820150204
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of the compliance matrix of the generally orthotropic lamina by means of a set of invariants (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Gleichungen zur Berechnung der Komponenten der Nachgiebigkeitsmatrix für die allgemeine orthotrope Schicht wurden neu formuliert, so daß jede Komponente dargestellt werden kann als Summe der Produkte von invarianten Termen und trigonometrischen Funktionen multipler Rotationswinkel. Die für Steifheitsmatrizen früher entwickelte Transformationsprozedur wurde revidiert, und Zweideutigkeiten der Vorzeichen wurden geklärt. Das Berechnungsverfahren wird durch ein Beispiel illustriert.
    Notes: The equations for calculating the compliance matrix components of the generally orthotropic lamina were recast so that each component can be obtained as sums of the products of invariant terms and trigonometric functions of multiple angles of rotation. The transformation procedure developed earlier for stiffness matrices was revised and ambiguities in term signs clarified. The calculational format is illustrated in one example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010360303
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycaprolactam filled with short glass fibres and microbeads. I. Preparation of composites by anionic activated adiabatic polymerization (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 220-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Glas gefülltes Polycaprolactam wurde mittels aktivierter anionischer adiabatischer Polymerisation hergestellt. Die verwendeten Füllstoffe und Haftvermittler verringern die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, den kristallinen Anteil und die Größe der übermolekularen Strukturen. Das beschriebene Verfahren eignet sich zur Herstellung von massiven Objekten aus Verbundstoffen nach einem Einstufenverfahren.
    Notes: Polycaprolactam containing glass fillers was prepared by activated anionic adiabatic polymerization. The fillers and coupling agents used reduce the polymerization rate, crystalline fraction and size of supermolecular structures. The reported procedure is suitable for a one-stage preparation of bulky objects from composite materials.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010360410
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polycaprolactam filled with short glass fibres and microbeads. II. Elastic and ultimate properties of composites prepared by the anionic adiabatic polymerizationPart I: Ref. [8] (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 36 (1985), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Steifigkeit von Verbundstoffen aus Alkali-Polycaprolactam wurde in guter Übereinstimmung mit theoretischen Berechnungen gefunden. Eine Abnahme der Zugfestigkeit mit zunehmender Konzentration der Fasern ist darauf zu-rückzufuhren, daß ein Großteil der eingebrachten Fasern unterkritische Längen hat und daß in Gegenwart der Füllstoffe polymerisiertes Polycaprolactam niedrigere Molek¨lmasse und Kristallinität aufweist und kleinere Sphärolithe enthält. Die erwartete Zunahme der Schlagzähigkeit trat bei Volumenanteilen der Fasern oberhalb 0,14 auf.
    Notes: The rigidity of composites of alkali polycaprolactam was found to be in good agreement with theoretical prediction. A decrease in tensile strength with the concentration of fibres was due to the fact that a large fraction of incorporated fibres was of subcritical length and that polycaprolactam polymerized in presence of fillers had a lower molecular weight and crystallinity and contained smaller spherulites. The supposed increase in impact strength occurred at volume fractions of fibres above 0.14.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1985.010360411
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of composition, processing and morphology on mechanical properties of polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber/polyethylene blends (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 40 (1989), S. 80-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß von Gehalt und Typ des linearen Polyethylens, des EPDM-Kautschuks und des Verarbeitungsverfahrens auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von ternären Mischungen Polypropylen/EPDM-Kautschuk/Polyethylen wurde untersucht. Mischungen von EPDM-Kautschuk mit Polyethylen erhöhen die Schlagzähigkeit des Polypropylens stärker als reiner EPDM-Kautschuk. Die Schlagzähigkeit der Mischungen wird durch das Herstellungsverfahren, aber nicht vom Typ des eingesetzten Polyethylens beeinflußt.
    Notes: The effect of the content and type of linear polyethylene, of the type of EPDM rubber and of the preparation procedure on the mechanical properties of ternary blends polypropylene/EPDM rubber/polyethylene was investigated. Mixtures of EPDM rubber with polyethylene raise the impact strength of polypropylene more than pure EPDM rubber. The impact strength of the blends is affected by the procedure employed in the preparation, but not by the type of polyethylene used.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1989.010400202
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