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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Part I: Kinetic equation with variable growth rate (1991)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 31 (1991), S. 110-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new crystallization kinetic equation has been derived considering the decrease in growth rate. The average linear growth rate of spherulite was assumed to be proportional to the m-th order of the uncrystallized fraction of the crystallizing material. A modified Avrami equation, 1 - Vc = exp[-Kf(t)n], was used where f(t) is the integral of the growth function, (1 - Vc)m. The validity of the equation was tested by analyzing the isothermal crystallization kinetic data of poly(ethylene terephthalate) from the melt using differential scanning calorimetry.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760310209
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crystallization kinetics of poly(ethylene terephthalate): Cmemory effect of shear history (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The memory effect of shear history was studied with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) prepared under different shear conditions of 11.7 to 1168 s-1 in a capillary rheometer. The shear history of PET resin led to a memory effect, which in turn affected the crystallization kinetics. The crystallization rate increased with increasing shear rate. Double peaks of heating crystallization exotherms and a low value of Avrami exponent appeared at low shear rates, which was attributed to the existence of crystallization processes with different rates; one was the fast process involving the disentangled molecules that persisted during melting, and the other was the slow process involving the highly entangled molecules. The change of instantanenous Avrami exponent and overall crystallization rate constant was in good agreement with the expected trends assuming coexistence of the two crystallization processes. The crystallization kinetics of PET with shear history could be regarded as a growth rate decrease problem to be interpreted by the modified Avrami equation, 1 - Vc = exp[- K·f(t)n], when the fast process dominated the overall crystallization. The effect of shear history was reduced because of the relaxation process as the holding time in melt state before crystallization was increased.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760330205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer characteristics in two- and three-phase slurry-fluidized beds (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 1397-1400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320820
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immersed heater-to-bed heat transfer in liquid-solid fluidized beds (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1101-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370715
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in continuous bubble columns with floating bubble breakers (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1255-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360815
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal probability partial control of linear inventory systems (1970)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 943-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Most processes have more storage levels to control than there are production rates for changing inventories, a situation known as partial controllability. Necessary and sufficient conditions under which all levels can be held within predetermined limits are presented. A control law maximizing the probability of satisfactory operation is developed, together with the computational steps required for its implementation. A simple numerical example is given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690160614
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The oxidation of carbonaceous residue dispersed in porous retorted oil shale (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310524
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of external diffusion and design geometry on the performance of immobilized glucose isomerase reactor system (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 2023-2043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using immobilized glucose isomerase, the effects of superficial velocity of the reaction solution flowing through a packed-bed reactor on the apparent kinetic constants of reversible reaction system were studied. The results showed that the apparent kinetic constants, both Vm″ and Km″, of the forward reaction varied significantly as the superficial velocity is changed, whereas those of the reverse reaction varied only slightly. Using the kinetic data determined experimentally, computer simulation of the enzyme reactor performance was carried out, and the importance of the external mass transfer in the proximity of immobilized-enzyme particles was recognized. The reactor performance, expressed in terms of productivity, was examined as a function of the reactor height-to-diameter ratio, H/D. The productivity of the reactor system goes through a maximum value at a H/D ratio of about 1.6. and decreases as the H/D ratio increases. Theoretical analysis of the reaction kinetics of immobilized-enzyme system that has reversible reaction kinetics is also presented. The experimental results showed good agreement with the results found from the theoretical analysis and the computer simulation studies. Based on the principles of the methods and the results presented in this paper, it is anticipated that one can predict the optimal design and operating conditions for the glucose isomerase reactor system and that application of the results could be extended to other enzyme systems with reversible reaction kinetics.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260211110
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of oxygen transfer in three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors by floating bubble breakers (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 580-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: promotion of oxygen transfer ; three-phase fluidized beds ; bubble breaker ; viscous liquid media ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of the present study was to investigate a method to enhance the volumetric rate of oxygen transfer in three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors. The rates of oxygen transfer from air bubbles to viscous liquid media were promoted by floating bubble breakers in three-phase fluidized beds operated in the bubble coalescing regime. The liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient has been recovered by fitting the axial dispersion model to the resultant data, and its dependence on the experimental variables, such as the gas and liquid flow rates, particle size, concentration of bubble breakers, and liquid viscosity, has been examined. The results indicate that the liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient can be enhanced up to 20-25%. The coefficient exhibits a maximum with respect to the volume ratio of the floating bubble breakers to the fluidized solid particles; it increases with increases in the gas and liquid flow rates and size of fluidized particles, while it decreases with an increase in the liquid viscosity. An expression has been developed to correlate the liquid-phase volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient with the experimental variables.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370613
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a monitoring tool for passivation and localized Corrosion of aluminum alloysDedicated to Professor Dr. Helmut Kaesche on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1988)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 487-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie als Hilfsmittel für die kontinuierliche Untersuchung der Passivierung und örtlichen Korrosion von AluminiumlegierungenLoch- und Spaltkorrosion von Aluminiumlegierungen sowie Verbundwerkstoffen mit Aluminiumlegierungen kann aufgrund der charakteristischen Veränderungen der Impedanzspektren im Bereich niedriger Frequenzen nachgewiesen werden. Ein Modell der Lochkorrosion, das in diesem Zusammenhang entwickelt wurde, stimmt mit experimentellen Daten überein. Mit Hilfe eines Anpassungsverfahrens wurde eine große Zahl von Daten ausgewertet, die mit Metallproben im Lieferzustand und mit Metallproben nach Passivierung in Certrichloridlösungen erhalten worden waren. Dieses chemische Passivierverfahren liefert Oberflächen mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen örtliche Korrosion. Al 6061, Al/SiC und Al/Graphit zeigten nach Passivierung in Certrichlorid (Behandlungsdauer 1 Woche) nach mindestens einem Monat in 0,5 n NaCl keine Lochkorrosion. Die elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie ist demnach ein bequemes Hilfsmittel zur Überwachung von Passivierungs- und Korrosionsprozessen.
    Notes: Pitting and crevice corrosion of Al alloys and Al-based metal matrix composites can be detected by characteristic changes of the impedance spectra in the low frequency region. A pitting model has been developed which is in agreement with the experimental data. A fitting procedure has been used to analyze a large number of data which have been obtained for as-received samples and samples which had been passivated in CeCl3 solutions. This chemical passivation process produces surfaces which are very resistant to localized corrosion. Al 6061, Al/SiC and Al/graphite which had been passivated in CeCl3 for one week did not pit in 0.5 N NaCl for at least one month. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a convenient tool for monitoring of the passivation and the corrosion processes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19880391102
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