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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular weight distribution of chitosan isolated from Mucor rouxii under different culture and processing conditions (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39 (1992), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chitin ; chitosan ; Mucor rouxii ; polysaccharides ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The isolation of chitosan from a fungal source offers the potential of a product with controlled physicochemical properties not obtainable by the commercial chemical conversion of crustacean chitin. A variety of culture and processing protocols using Mucor rouxii were studied for their effects on biomass yield and chitosan molecular weight. Weight-averaged molecular weight determined by gel permeation chromotography ranged from 2.0 × 105 to approximately 1.4 × 106 daltons. The chitosan yield ranged from 5% to 10% of total biomass dry weight and from 30% to 40% of the cell wall. Of the culture parameters studied, length of incubation and medium composition effected biomass production and molecular weight. Modification of the processing protocol, including the type and strength of acid, and cell wall disruption in acid prior to refluxing were used to optimize the efficiency of chitosan extraction.The degree of deacetylation of fungal and commercial chitosans was compared using infrared spectrometry, titration, and first derivative of UV absorbance spectrometry. The chitosan obtained directly from the fungal cell wall had a higher degree of deacetylation than commercial chitosan from the chemical conversion process.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260390305
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture system for production of biopolymer levan using erwinia herbicola (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: levan ; continuous culture ; molecular weight ; Erwinia herbicola ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The optimal production of the fructan biopolymer levan by the bacterium Erwinia herbicola was investigated, including variations in nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous sources, pH, incubation time, culture yields up to 19% by weight produced based on conversion of sucrose as the carbon source when grown in a continuous culture system and processed by tangential flow filtration. Product identity was confirmed with gas chromatography (GC) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and low-angle laser light scattering (LALLS) determination of the molecular weight of the product showed a significant difference in molecular weight values dependent on the method of analysis. Analysis by GPC resulted in molecular weight one order of magnitude lower than LALLS independent of sample, underscoring the unusual nature of this biopolymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380515
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von jod mit Natriumformiat in Gegenwart von Konzentrierten Elektrolyten (1929)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 182 (1929), S. 382-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß alle untersuchten Salze, ob Chloride oder Sulfate, verzögernd auf den Prozeß wirken. Die Unterschiede in der verzögernden Wirkung der einzelnen Salze ist zum großen Teil durch spezifische Kationenwirkung bedingt. Es ergibt sich folgende Reihe der fallenden Beeinflussung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm HCl 〉 AlCl}_{\rm 3} {\rm } \gg {\rm NiCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm } = {\rm CoCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm } = {\rm MnCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm } \gg {\rm ZnC1}_{\rm 2} {\rm } \gg {\rm MgCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm 〉 CaCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm 〉 SrCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm 〉 BaCl}_{\rm 2} {\rm } \gg {\rm NaCl } = {\rm NH}_{\rm 4} {\rm Cl 〉 KCl 〉 H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}{\rm .} $$\end{document}
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291820135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Entfärbungsgeschwindigkeit von Kaliumpermanganat durch Oxalsäure und ihre Beeinflussung durch Lösungsgenossen (1928)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 172 (1928), S. 196-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Erscheinung der Induktion sowie eine Vorstellung über ihren Verlauf wird diskutiert. Es wird auf den Zusammenhang der Induktion mit dem elektrischen Zustand der Lösung hingewiesen und die Frage der Zerstörung des MnO4′ aufgeworfen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19281720113
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über katalytische Effekte in konzentriertem Salzmilieu (1929)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291770113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Natriumnitrit und Jodkalium in essigsaurer Lösung in Gegenwart sowie in Abwesenheit von Zusätzen (1930)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 189 (1930), S. 234-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1. Die Reaktion zwischen Natriumnitrit und Jodkalium in essigsaurer Lösung ist in bezug auf beide Körper monomolekular.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19301890121
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über den Einfluß konzentrierter Elektrolyte auf den Ablauf chemischer Prozesse. Versuche mit Kaliumpermanganat (1929)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 177 (1929), S. 323-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1786
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde festgestellt, daß von den untersuchten Salzen in der angewandten H2SO4-Lösung die Chloride, besonders aber die der Alkalimetalle, viel stärker beschleunigen als die Nitrate oder Sulfate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19291770125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme-mediated polymerization reactions: Peroxidase-catalyzed polyphenol synthesis (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 47 (1996), S. 193-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Peroxidase-catalyzed phenol polymerization in the presence of hydrogen peroxide has been extensively studied. The process offers many advantages over the conventional chemical process to produce phenol-based resins. The enzymatic process avoids the use of formaldehyde and results in minimal formation of by-products due to high specificity of the enzyme toward the reactants. A number of phenolic derivatives and aromatic amines can be polymerized in different reaction systems, such as bulk solvents, reversed micelles and Langmuir trough. The polymers produced produced exhibit morphology reflective of the templating effect of the medium used to prepare the materials. Polymer molecular weight and polydispersity can be controlled by suitable design of the reaction medium. Polymer characteristics such as structure, thermal and temporal stability, functionalization and processability are reviewed. Conductivity, nonlinear optical and related functional properties are discussed with regard to potential applications.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1996.010470501
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The crosslinking of chitosan fibers (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 2187-2193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: chitin ; chitosan ; fibers ; crosslinking ; epichlorohydrin ; film ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A need exists for the development of totally biodegradable packaging materials. Chitosan is an under-utilized polymer which possesses many of the desired characteristics for this application. This article describes the crosslinking of chitosan fibers. Epichlorohydrin (ECH) was selected as a convenient base catalyzed crosslinking agent. The strength of chitosan fibers, especially wet tenacity, is improved by crosslinking. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080301013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-temperature superposition in two-phase polyblends (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of a 50/50 blend of PVAC and lightly crosslinked PMMA has been examined using the data of Kawai et al. The shift distances, log aT, were generated by bringing the experimental data into coincidence on master curves calculated from a Takayanagi model whose parameters were varied in different regions of temperature. This method allows one to construct a master curve for a thermorheologically complex two-phase material if the model and the mechanical properties of the constituent phases and their temperature dependence is known. The shift distances then provide insight into the intricate relations between the time and temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of the composite.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140108
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