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  • Chemistry  (4,813)
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  • 1
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    Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 4 (2005)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environmental sciences ; Waste disposal ; Water pollution
    ISBN: 9780387274485
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b139088
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    PCR Methods in Foods (2006)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Food science
    ISBN: 9780387317021
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-31702-3
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of triglyceride by solid phase lipolytic enzymes of Rhizopus arrhizus in continuous reactor systems (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 23 (1981), S. 1703-1719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous hydrolysis of triglyceride in organic solvent systems using Rhizopus arrhizus mycelia as a source of insolubilized lipase has been studied in packed-bed and stirred-tank reactors. Typically a packed bed reactor containing 1 g of mycelia fed at 1 mL/min with a solution of 2.5% (w/v) olive oil in di-isopropyl ether gave a fatty acid yield of 45% at 30°C. The optimum water concentration was found to be 0.17% (w/v) except under conditions of high oil feed concentration and high yield where no optimum was established. No temperature optimum was observed over the range 20-55°C. Calculated activation energies of 13-20 kJ/mol, depending on temperature, were lower, while Km(app) values of 0.1-0.3M were higher than those for hydrolysis in conventional aqueous emulsion systems. No evidence of any significant diffusional limitation, which could account for these values, was obtained. The mycelia showed a loss of activity of 0.6-1.0%h at 30°C. The packed bed proved markedly superior to the stirred tank for this system.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260230804
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of kerogens by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 823-828 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two kerogen samples from shales of different geological age, selected from each of Types I, II and III, have been characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI-MS). A Kratos Kompact MALDI III time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser operated at 337 nm was used on samples mounted in a matrix of sinapinic acid. The spectrometer was used in linear mode with a mass range up to 270 000 u and an ion extraction voltage of 20 kV. Individual spectra from 50 laser shots at low laser fluence were summed for each spectrum. The present study is a first attempt at characterizing kerogens by MALDI-MS. At low mass (200-500 u) families of peaks consisting of overlapping homologous series of apparently polar compounds have been observed: these peaks appear to be distinct from those due to the matrix material. In higher mass regions of the spectra, continua of masses extending from 1000 u up to around 10 000 u were observed; ions at higher masses were separated to baseline up to masses of 50 000 u. Evidence was found for a relationship between the minimum laser power sufficient for activating the MALDI-ionization process and the geological age of the kerogens; the laser power decreased as the geological age increased. In the case of one kerogen, a high laser fluence was used to generate molecular ions up to the detection limit of the mass spectrometer, in excess of 260 000 u. This paper presents results from a preliminary study of kerogens which requires an in-depth examination of the desorption process in complex mixtures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081006
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. I. The argonne coal samples (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 808-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Argonne set of coals cover the rank range from lignite to semi-anthracite; these samples have been studied by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nitrogen laser at 337 nm, using sinapinic acid as matrix. The coal particle size was less than 5 microns. The characteristics of the MALDI-MS spectra of the set of coals were found to be rank-related; desorption from high-rank coals was found to take place with greater relative ease than from low-rank coals. Two major features were found in all spectra: a homologous series of peaks in the 200-500 u mass range and an intense peak between 1000 and 5000 u, the particular shape of the peak depending on coal rank. A continuum of lower intensity peaks extending to very large molecular masses was found in all spectra, the upper limit of molecular masses increasing with coal rank at the same laser fluence. The effect of changes in laser power on spectra was investigated: upper mass limits were found to increase with power up to the detection limit of the instrument but low-mass parts of spectra were found to distort, possibly due to detector overloading. A maximum laser fluence value acceptable over the coal-rank range represented by these samples could therefore not be easily defined. None of the mass spectra showed evidence of the presence of either carbon clusters or fullerene formation, indicating that laser fluences did not reach intensities high enough to induce substantial secondary reactions. Comparing molecular mass distributions detected by MALDI of coal pyrolysis tars and directly from coals suggests the MALDI and pyrolytic mechanisms of volatile release to be structurally different; in particular, the preferential evaporation of lighter species which occurs during pyrolytic tar evolution (and during field-ionization mass spectroscopy) appears to evole material with a more restricted range of molecular masses compared to laser desorption mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of coal by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. II. Pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts from the argonne coal samples (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 815-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts prepared from the set of eight Argonne coal samples have been characterized by MALDI-MS. A Kratos Kompact MALDI III linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used, with a nitrogen laser operating at 337 nm and sinapinic acid as matrix. Spectra were collected by summing 50 laser pulses at low laser fluence to avoid fragmentation of desorbed ions. At low mass, 200-500 u, spectra from the pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts showed common features: intense peaks originating from the sinapinic acid matrix, m/z 205, 224 and 246, and, a range of peaks in the mass range from about 250 u to 400 u, which probably corresponds to overlapping homologous series of apparently polar material. A peak of ion intensity between 1000 and 5000 u was systematically observed, which was sample dependent and not always similar for the tar and extract prepared from the same coal. At high masses, separate trends were observed for coal pyrolysis tars and liquefaction extracts: molar mass ranges of pyrolysis tars were smaller, and showed no particular trend with carbon content of the original coal; these findings are consistent with size-exclusion chromatography derived findings. Spectra of liquefaction extracts extended over wider ranges of molar masses and increased with increasing coal rank; the highest masses extended to 50 000u. Overall, pyrolysis tars appeared structurally different from liquefaction extracts and more difficult to desorb. The effect of changes in laser fluence and ion extraction voltage on mass spectra have been investigated: high-mass regions of the spectra were found to be very sensitive to the magnitude of the ion extraction voltage. No carbon clusters or fullerene structures were detected.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290081005
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the degradation of organotin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) during gamma irradiation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin stabilizers ; Dibutyltin ; PVC ; Polymers ; Gamma irradiation ; Degradation ; Dealkylation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organotin stabilizers of the type Bu2SnX2 (X = SCH2CO2C8H17 or O2CCH=CHCO2C8H17) present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation in the range 1-200 kGy (0.1-20 Mrad) are shown to suffer degradation with dealkylation to form monobutyltin trichloride and tin(IV) chloride, which have been characterized by a subsequent alkylation procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The extent of degradation of the stabilizers on prolonged gamma irradiation is much more severe than during thermal degradation leading to comparable blackening of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010404
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  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magnitude and extent of sediment toxicity in selected estuaries of South Carolina and Georgia (2021)
    NOAA/National Ocean Service/Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment | Silver Spring, MD
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/2226 | 403 | 2011-09-29 19:25:45 | 2226 | United States National Ocean Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: Toxic chemicals can enter the marine environment through numerous routes: stormwater runoff, industrial point source discharges, municipal wastewater discharges, atmosphericdeposition, accidental spills, illegal dumping, pesticide applications and agricultural practices. Once they enter a receiving system, toxicants often become bound to suspended particles and increase in density sufficiently to sink to the bottom. Sediments are one of the major repositoriesof contaminants in aquatic envronments. Furthermore, if they become sufficiently contaminated sediments can act as sources of toxicants to important biota. Sediment quality data are direct indicators of the health of coastal aquatic habitats.Sediment quality investigations conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and others have indicated that toxic chemicals are found in the sediments and biota of some estuaries in South Carolina and Georgia (NOAA, 1992). This report documents the toxicity of sediments collected within five selected estuaries: Savannah River, Winyah Bay, Charleston Harbor, St. Simons Sound, and Leadenwah Creek (Figure 1). (PDF contains 292 pages)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Environment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of surface tension on factors in boiling heat transfer (1964)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 10 (1964), S. 530-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690100422
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer to a power-law fluid flowing between parallel plates (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 1272-1274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180632
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