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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of virus production and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase expression by insect cells in serum-free and serum-supplemented media using a temperature-sensitive baculovirus (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1091-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: chloramphenicol acetyl transferase ; baculovirus ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; serum-free medium ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells were grown in Sf-900 serum-free medium and two kinds of serum-supplemented media (IPL -41 and Grace's). The specific growth rates of uninfected cells were found to be 0.024, 0.35, and 0.034 h-1 respectively, at 33°C. The IPL -41 medium supported to highest maximum cell density (10.6 × 106 cells/mL) compared to 3.5 × 106 and 8.7 × 106 cells/mL with the Grace's and serum-free media, respectively. In temperature shifdown experiments with a temperature-sensitive baculo-virus (acts10YM1CAT), virus titer and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) expression were highest in the IPL -41 (5.1 × 107 PFU/mL and 20000 U/mL). Use of Grace's medium gave higher virus titers than the serum-free medium (4.4 × 106 vs 4.1 × 105 PFU/mL) as well as higher CAT titers (7050 vs 1980 U/mL). Interestingly, in the three media used, the highest virus and CAT titers were obtained at MOI (multiplicity of infection) of 0.02 At MOI of 2.0 virtually no increase in virus of CAT titer was observed. This result is contrary to those obtained at constant-temperature (27°C) infection and cell culture, in which higher virus titers and recombinant protein expression and obtained at higher MOI.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380918
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXAFS and FTIR studies on the binding of deoxycholic acid with copper and zinc ions (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Deoxycholic acid is an important physiological bile acid. The binding of bile salts with metal ions has received more attention due to its clinical significance. In this study, a series of copper and zinc deoxycholate complexes were synthesized. EXAFS and FTIR spectroscopic techniques were used for characterization. The results indicated that both the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of deoxycholic acid are binding to the Cu (or Zn) ion to form a new complex. There are six oxygen atoms surrounding the metal ion with the average bond lengths of Cu-O and Zn-O are 1.95 and 2.06 Å respectively. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue behavior of quasi-isotropic carbon fiber/PEEK laminates under tension-tension loading (1995)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 16 (1995), S. 215-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced poly(etheretherketone)(PEEK) laminates was investigated. The static tensile measurement, tension-tension fatigue loading tests, and residual tensile strength measurement of the [0/45/90/-45]2s AS-4/PEEK laminates were performed at various levels of stress amplitudes. The influences of stress amplitude on the fatigue life and the residual tensile strength were investigated. The experimental results for fatigue life and residual tensile strength under different stress amplitudes are analyzed by the median rank method. The S-N curves at various survival probabilities are also presented by the pooled Weibull distribution function. Furthermore, a residual strength degradation model is used to predict the residual strength for the composites subjected to a number of fatigue cycles and to simulate the effects of the stress amplitude on the fatigue life. The agreement between experiment and theory is good.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750160305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface composition of machined leaded brass (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: ESCA and RBS were used to obtain quantitative information on the thickness and nature of the surface layers formed on machined brasses containing 1-3% lead. The results show that the brass surface is strongly enriched in lead. The amount of this element accumulated on the surface increases with increasing bulk concentration. Lead appears to be present as islands partially covering the brass surface and having variable thicknesses up to several hundred Å. The outermost layer of the islands is mainly a Pb hydroxycarbonate, under which PbO and Pb metal can be detected. Between the islands, the brass surface is covered by a layer of zinc oxide covering the Cu—Zn metallic phase. The accumulation of Pb at the surface is attributable to a smearing effect caused by the machining cool.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220170
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acrylic latices stabilized by polymerizable non-ionic surfactant (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 40 (1996), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: polymerizable non-ionic surfactant ; acrylic latices ; particle size ; bridging flocculation ; colloidal stability ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The final latex particle size is controlled by the concentration of polymerizable non-ionic surfactant NE-40 in the emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and butyl acrylate (BA). The particle size decreases with increasing NE-40 concentration and increases with increasing persulphate initiator concentration. The dependence of particle size on the initiator concentration does not follow conventional Smith-Ewart theory, which is attributed to the bridging flocculation process during the particle nucleation period. The differences in the particle nucleation and growth stages and colloidal stability observed in the NE-40 and nonyl phenol-40 mol ethylene oxide adduct (NP-40) stabilized systems can be attributed to the different distribution patterns of surfactant molecules in the particles. Experimental data also indicate that the particle size decreases with increasing electrolyte concentration, or agitation speed. The total scrap, presumably caused by the bridging flocculation process, increases rapidly with increase in the NaCl concentration The amount of large flocs formed during polymerization is generally greater for the run operated at higher agitation speed. As expected, the latex products stabilized by non-ionic surfactants show excellent stability toward added sodium salt.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of chemical sequence in a periodic polymeric nematogen (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 32 (1994), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid crystal polymers ; transesterification ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The stability of a polymeric nematogen's chemical sequence was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy, and 13C-NMR; the nematogen studied was a thermotropic polyester and had a periodic chemical structure. Model compounds were used to investigate transesterfication in the melt at different temperatures with the addition of phenol or benzoic acid as analogues of polymer end groups. Ester interchange reactions at high temperature were found to be partly suppressed when acidic end groups of the periodic nematogen were capped. However, sequence reorganization was completely suppressed in capped nematogens when temperatures remained below the isotropization transition of the nematogen investigated. Rapid disordering of the periodic nematogen was observed above the nematic-isotropic transition, suggesting that both chemical and physical factors play a role in sequence redistribution of periodic nematogens. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1994.080320209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of anomalous penetrant diffusion in polymers (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1845-1856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work introduces a new numerical algorithm that can be used to analyze complex problems of penetrant transport. Penetrant transport in polymers often deviates from the predictions of Fick's law because of the coupling between penetrant diffusion and the polymer mechanical behavior. This phenomenon is particularly important in glassy polymers. This leads to a model consisting of two coupled differential equations for penetrant diffusion and polymer stress relaxation, respectively. If the polymer relaxation is the rate-limiting step, both the concentration and stress profiles are very steep. A new algorithm based on a finite difference method is proposed to solve the model equations. It features the development of a tridiagonal iterative method to solve the nonlinear finite difference equations obtained from the finite difference approximation of the differential equations. This method was found to be efficient and accurate. Numerical simulation of penetrant diffusion in glassy polymers was performed, showing that the integral sorption Deborah number is a major parameter affecting the transition from Fickian to anomalous diffusion behavior. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070491015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper bilirubinate and black pigment gallstone (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 1 (1995), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A series of copper bilirubinate complexes (CuBR) was synthesized in solution and in solid state to mimic the black color of the black-pigment gallstone and to explore the formation mechanism of the gallstonein vitro. The variation of the copper contents of these samples indicated that CuBR also exhibits nonstoichiometric characteristics from the FTIR study, i.e., both the so-called acid and neutral copper complex moieties exist in CuBR. The NH groups in pyrrole and lactam groups of bilirubin (H2BR) are binding to the copper ions. An EPR study demonstrates the generation of free radicals and the variation of its electronic structure and conjugation system in the skeleton of H2BR molecule during complex formation. A polymer of CuBR may form through the reaction of H2BR with copper ions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bspy.350010209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of penetrant diffusion in glassy polymers with an integral sorption deborah number (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1503-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: anomalous transport ; glassy polymers ; diffusion ; Deborah number ; Case II transport ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed to explain the anomalous penetrant diffusion behavior in glassy polymers. The model equations were derived by using the linear irreversible thermodynamics theory and the kinematic relations in continuum mechanics, showing the coupling between the polymer mechanical behavior and penetrant transport. The Maxwell model was used as the stress-strain constitutive equation, from which the polymer relaxation time was defined. An integral sorption Deborah number was proposed as the ratio of the characteristic relaxation time in the glassy region to the characteristic diffusion time in the swollen region. With this definition, an integral sorption process was characterized by a single Deborah number and the controlling mechanism was identified in terms of the value of the Deborah number. The model equations were two coupled nonlinear differential equations. A finite difference method was developed for solving the model equations. Numerical simulation of integral sorption of penetrants in glassy polymers was performed. The simulation results show that (1) the present model can predict Case II transport behavior as well as the transition from Case II to Fickian diffusion and (2) the integral sorption Deborah number is a major parameter affecting the transition. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic and chaotic precipitation phenomena in bile salt system related to gallstone formation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biospectroscopy 3 (1997), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: cholelithiasis ; gallstone ; bile salts ; periodic precipitation ; fractal precipitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: This is the first observation that both chaotic and periodic patterns are formed in metal ions-deoxycholate-gel systems. It is an in vitro model for approximating the conditions present during gallstone formation. The experimental results suggest that a nonlinear scientific concept such as the “butterfly effect” should be considered in understanding gallstone formation. This effect suggests that a butterfly flapping its wings in Beijing today may lead to a thunderstorm in New York months later. Applying this concept to biology, minor changes in the local chemical environment within biological systems may lead to large variations in the structure and morphology of gallstone through changes in the behavior of biological mineralization process. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biospect 3: 195-205, 1997
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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