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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1229-1230 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 22 (1998), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A theory for approximately steady thermal degradation of solids is developed from a superset of nonlinear integral-differential equations. The theory extends previous work, using a degradation model that is more consistent than previously published models and fully accounts for surface radiation losses. The thermal decomposition of the solid is assumed to follow a single-step first-order Arrhenius reaction. A quasi-steady regime is identified and approximate solutions are compared with experimental results for PMMA and numerical results obtained by integrating the full model. The numerical solutions are found to compare well with experimental results and the approximate solutions compare well with the numerics. Furthermore, it is found that the quasi-steady mass loss rate gives a good estimate of the average mass loss rate even during thermally thin degradation. To simplify interpretation and to aid the analysis, the degradation kinetics are re-cast in terms of a critical temperature and a critical temperature range. Application of the theory to practical situations and other modelling approaches is also discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 11 (1984), S. 269-272 
    ISSN: 0306-042X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An isotope dilution mass spectrometry method is described for determining chenodeoxycholic acid pool size in children. The stable isotopically labeled tracer. (11,12-2H2) chenodeoxycholic acid, was administered orally to children, and the enrichment of bile was measured by selected ion monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The level of (11,12-2H2) chenodeoxycholic acid enrichment found in the patient samples was in the range of 0.5 to 5%. Data are presented illustrating the duplication of this method in two independent laboratories using standard quadrupole mass spectrometers. This procedure provides the clinician with a non-radioactive method for determining chenodeoxycholic acid pool size which is especially beneficial in studies involving children and pregnant women.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 2225-2233 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN's) were synthesized in latex form. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy as a function of temperature revealed that the glass transitions of the individual networks were broadened and in some cases spanned the entire temperature range between the two individual polymer transitions. This was interpreted to indicate extensive but incomplete mixing between the two networks. Depending on overall composition, the cast or molded films were either plastic or tough elastomers at room temperature. Some aspects of phase continuity and structure, including a graded core-shell model, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 15 (1988), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new mass spectral method has been developed and used to identify biologically important thiols. This method is based upon the use of C-14 labeled N-para-bromophenylmaleimide (BPM) to selectively derivatize thiols. The isotopic label facilitates the isolation and purification of trace quantities of the maleimide thiol adducts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with radioactivity detection. The use of the bromine atom in the thiol derivative greatly enhances the detectability of the parent and fragment ions containing the BPM moiety because of the generation of the characteristic N + 2 doublet ions. Several examples of the use of this method to identify non-volatile thiol peptides such as glutathione (GSH) and homoglutathione (hGSH) by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) are described in this report.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1110-1121 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric behavior of glassy thermoplastic polymer in the microwave frequency range was investigated. Specifically, the relationship between energy absorption and temperature for several thermoplastic systems was examined to test the theoretical basis for heating under microwave irradiation. Irradiation under traveling and standing wave conditions were explored. The heating rate versus temperature data at a frequency of 2.45 GHz yielded a microwave calorimetry procedure for examination of the dielectric and relaxation behaviors. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature, and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in the kHz region. WLF relationships were examined for glassy thermoplastics to show the difference in changing activation energy with temperature.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1122-1131 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The overall objective of these studies was to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. In this paper, the microwave processing of semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), nylons, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), via a cylindrical resonance wave cavity and a rectangular standing wave applicator is described. These polymeric materials were irradiated in low power (〈 50W) electric fields at 2.45 GHz. Silicone flexible molds were necessary for improved processing of nylons and PEEK at temperatures below their Tc Rapid heating rates were observed between the glass transition temperature, Tg, and the melting temperature, Tm, for all these polymers provided that Tc was exceeded. Both dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and dielectric thermal analysis (DETA) spectra were utilized to predict the heating phenomena between amorphous and semicrystalline materials and to explain the rapid crystallizing rate of PEEK. above its glass transition temperature. Correlations were drawn between (a) the apparent activation energy and the critical temperature (Tc) and (b) the shape of the dielectric spectra at 2.45 GHz and its shape in kHz region.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1092-1109 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The objective of this effort has been to investigate the relationship between polymer structure and microwave absorptivity. Dielectric loss factor, ε″, loss tangent, tan δ, and oscillator strength, (εS -- ε∞), were used to evaluate potential material processability under applied microwave radiation. Numerous polymeric materials varying in chemical and physical structures were irradiated in a low power (≤ 100W) electric field at 2.45 GHz. Electromagnetic radiation was applied as either traveling or resonant wave modes in cylindrical and rectangular waveguides. In general, heatability was found to be a direct function of the dielectric loss dispersion dependence on temperature and frequency. The dielectric loss factor obtained at low frequency measurements was found to be directly proportional to the heatability of polymers. A WLF plot was used to predict the shift of dielectric loss maxima into or out of the microwave frequency range.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 23 (1991), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed a product and kinetic study of the hydrolysis of 3,4-diphenyl-1,2,5-thiadiazole-1,1-dioxide in aqueous solution. Benzil and sulfamide are the only products of hydrolysis and are formed in equimolar yields.The kinetic results indicate that a first order law is followed up to 90% conversion. The observed rate constant is independent of substrate concentration.Ionic strength and buffer concentration do not affect the rate constant, but the reaction is acid-base catalyzed. The rate-pH profile has been determined and a mechanism that fits the experimental data satisfactorily is proposed. Corresponding rate constants and equilibrium constants for the protonation of the substrate are reported.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 1605-1613 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavior of active boiling site populations was monitored for pool boiling on an electrically heated 1-mil stainless steel sheet. The boiling sites were located using a high-speed infrared camera focused on the underside of the boiling surface. Experiments were conducted to determine factors affecting the origin, concentration, and lifetime of active sites.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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