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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 82 (1979), S. 11-25 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ein günstiges Verhältnis zwischen Knitterfestigkeit und anderen Festigkeitseigenschaften konnte bei Baumwolle durch eine neue Technik, nämlich das Behandeln mit Dimethyloldihydroxyäthylenharnstoff (DMDHEU), erzielt werden. Diese Technik beruht auf der Verwendung einer wäßrigen Lösung von DMDHEU und eines Ammonium-Salzes. Die untersuchten Ammoniumsalze waren NH4Cl, (NH4)2HPO4, (NH4)H2PO4, NH4NO3, (NH4)2SO4, Ammoniumoxalat und Ammoniumcitrat. Von besonderem Interesse sind die Ergebnisse der Versuche mit (NH4)H2PO4. Hier werden Knitterwinkel von 298° bzw. 304° erhalten, und die Abnahme der Zugfestigkeit beträgt nur ca. 14%. Es wird ein ZweiPhasen-Mechanismus des katalytischen Systems angenommen. Die anfängliche Säurekonzentration führt zu Vernetzungen im nassen Stadium und verbessert so die Naßknit-terfestigkeit; in der zweiten Phase wird durch die Zersetzung des Ammonium-Salzes Säure frei, die zu Vernetzungen während des Härtungsprozesses führt und so die Trockenknit-terfestigkeit verbessert. Die relativ geringen Verluste der Festigkeit bei diesem Katalysatorsystem werden durch eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Netzstellen erklärt.
    Notes: A balance between wet/dry crease recovery and strength properties could be achieved by treating cotton fabrics with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) with a new technique. The latter involves padding with an aqueous solution containing DMDHEU and a specific concentration of an ammonium salt. The ammonium salts examined were: ammonium chloride, ammonium mono- and dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, ammonium oxalate and ammonium citrate. Of particular interest were the results obtained with fabrics catalyzed by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. While these fabrics show crease recovery angles of 298° and 304° the loss in tensile strength amounts only to ca. 14%. It was postulated that the catalytic system used is based on two phases; the first is the initial acidity which induces crosslinking in the wet state thus enhancing the wet crease recovery; the second phase involves decomposition of the ammonium salt during curing with generation of acid which catalyzes crosslinking in the dry state thereby improving the dry crease recovery. The relatively lower losses in strength properties suggest that this catalytic system brings about a uniform distribution of crosslinks in the cellulose structure.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Dimethyloldihydroxyäthylenharnstoff (DMDHEU) modifizierte Baumwolle zeigt einen Festigkeitsverlust von ca. 32%, einen Trocken- und Naßknitterwinkel von 287 bzw. 307°. Die Verwendung von Natriumhydroxid im wäßrigen Bad verringert den Festigkeits-verlust aufca. 10% ohne die Knitterfestigkeit wesentlich zu beeinträchtigen. Jedoch ist der Gehalt an freiem Formaldehyd in der vernetzten Baumwolle merklich. Der Einfluß von Natriumcarbonat, Harnstoff und Natriumsulfit als Zusätzen in den Modifizierungsbädern für die Cellulose wird hinsichtlich der Restkonzentration an Formaldehyd sowie der Festigkeit und des Knitterwinkels untersucht.
    Notes: When cotton fabric was padded with a solution containing dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) (200 g/l) at pH 2.5, batched for one hour, given a wash through padding with water, dried and cured, the crosslinked cotton showed a crease recovery of 287° and 307° in the dry and wet state respectively and a retained strength of ca. 68%. Incorporation of sodium hydroxide in the washing pad accentuates the retaining strength. The latter attained a value of ca. 90% without seriously affecting the dry and wet crease recovery. However, the amount of free formaldehyde in the crosslinked cotton was quite substantial. Increasing the concentration of NaOH up to 2 g/l in the washing pad caused a significant decrease in crease recovery of and a considerable increase in the amount of free formaldehyde in the crosslinked cotton fabric. Replacement of sodium hydroxide by sodium carbonate at a concentration of up to 2 g/l reduced the amount of free formaldehyde without adversely affecting the crease recovery. Utilization of urea in the washing pad at a concentration of up to 16 g/l provided advantages in terms of lesser amount of free formaldehyde (388 ppm), higher retaining strength (ca. 80%)and excellent crease recovery (above 280°). On the other hand, addition of sodium sulphite at a concentration of up to 8 g/l in the washing pad was accompanied by a significant decrease in crease recovery, and a significant increase in the amount of free formaldehyde. Nevertheless the role of sodium sulphite as acid and formaldehyde scavanger could be ameliorated through lowering the pH of DMDHEU padding bath or addition of sodium chloride or sodium dihydrogen phosphate to this bath.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die konventionelle Trockenhärtung mit N-Methylolverbindungen bei dem normalen Baumwoll-Finishing-Prozeß wurde durch eine besondere Harnstoff-Einlagerung modifiziert. Die Modifizierung besteht in einer Imprägnierung des Baumwollgewebes mit einer wäßrigen Lösung des Finishing-Reagenzes mit nachfolgender Behandlung mit einer wäßrigen Harnstofflösung. Es folgt die Trocknung und Härtung. Die Vorteile liegen in einem geringeren Gehalt an freiem Formaldehyd und einer höheren Knitterfestigkeit. Die Größenordnung der Verbesserungen hängt von der Harnstoffkonzentration in dem zusätzlichen Bad sowie von Art und Konzentration des verwendeten Katalysators ab.
    Notes: The conventional pad-dry-cure technique used in easy care cotton finishing with N-methylol compounds was modified by introducing an extra urea pad. That is, the modified technique involves padding the cotton fabric with an aqueous solution of the finishing agent followed by padding with an aqueous urea solution; drying and curing. Advantages of the modified technique lie in smaller amount of free formaldehyde in the finished fabric as well as higher retaining strength. The magnitude of the reduction in the amount of free formaldehyde and that of the improvement in the retained strength depend upon urea concentration in the extra padding bath as well as upon nature and concentration of the catalyst used.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 314 (1972), S. 727-734 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituted salicylanilides are prepared by condensation of phenyl salicylates with amines. Their phenylazo and amino derivatives are also obtained and their properties discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 321 (1979), S. 1039-1046 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von neuen Xanthotoxin-Derivaten mit potentiell antibakterieller Wirkung
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6-Nitrobenzalphthalides reacted with amines to give 6-nitrobenzalphthalimidines. Reduction (H2S/NH3) of the 6-nitrobenzalphthalides gave open chain desoxybenzoin derivatives. 6-Aminophthalide condensed with aldehydes to give the corresponding arylidene aminophthalides only.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isomeric bromobenzalphthalides of type 1 were obtained by condensation of 4-bromophthalic anhydride with phenylacetic acids. Isomeric benzalphthalimidines of type 6-11 were also prepared and some of their reactions discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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