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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of isotopically chiral [4′-13C]famciclovir and 13C NMR to identify the chiral monoacetylated intermediates in the conversion of famciclovir to penciclovir by human intestinal wall extract (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 577-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: Chiral stereospecificity ; esterase ; metabolism ; human tissue ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Famciclovir is the oral form of the potent antiherpesvirus agent, penciclovir. Hydrolysis of one of the acetyl ester groups of famciclovir creates a chiral centre leading to the possible formation of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers. During its conversion to penciclovir, famciclovir forms two chiral metabolites, namely monoacetyl-6-deoxy-penciclovir and monoacetyl-penciclovir. The absolute configuration and stereospecificity of the monoacetyl metabolites of famciclovir, produced in human intestinal wall extract, were determined using isotopically chiral famciclovir and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the isolated metabolites. 13C NMR showed that the esterase(s), in human intestinal wall extract, hydrolysed the acetyl group preferentially from the pro-(S)-acetoxymethyl group of famciclovir. The specificity of esterase action in forming monoacetyl-6-deoxy-penciclovir and monoacetyl-penciclovir was about 77 and 72%, respectively. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050803
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of isotopically chiral [4′-13C]penciclovir and 13C NMR to determine the specificity and absolute configuration of penciclovir phosphate esters formed in HSV-1- and HSV-2-infected cells and by HSV-1-encoded thymidine kinase (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: chiral stereospecificity ; phosphorylation ; MRC-5 cells ; herpesvirus ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Penciclovir is a potent antiherpesvirus agent which is highly selective due to its phosphorylation only in virus infected cells. Phosphorylation of one of the hydroxymethyl groups of penciclovir (PCV) creates a chiral centre leading to the possible formation of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers. The absolute configuration and stereospecificity of the PCV-phosphates produced in cells infected with herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), as well as by HSV-1-encoded thymidine kinase, were determined using isotopically chiral [4′-13C]PCV precursors and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the isolated metabolites. The absolute configuration of penciclovir-triphosphate (PCV-TP) produced in HSV-1-infected cells was shown to be S with an enantiomeric purity of greater than 95%. However, in contrast to HSV-1-infected cells in which none of the (R) enantiomer was detected, about 10% of (R)-PCV-TP was produced in HSV-2-infected cells. Phosphorylation of PCV by HSV-1-encoded thymidine kinase was found to give 75% (S)- and 25% (R)-PCV-monophosphate. The proportion of the (S)-isomer appears to be amplified in the subsequent phosphorylations leading to the triphosphate. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050804
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemistry and technology of cyanate ester resins, I. Hamerton, ed. Blackie A&P, London (1994), ISBN 0-7514-0044-0, 357 pp., £69.00 (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 6 (1995), S. 745-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1995.220061205
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic polymers: past, present and future (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymers for Advanced Technologies 5 (1994), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1042-7147
    Keywords: Cyclic polymer ; Poly(dimethylsiloxane) ; Polymer supported reactions ; Polymeric catenanes ; Topological polymer chemistry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Methods for characterising cyclic polymers are illustrated by reference first to dilute solution methods for cyclic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and then to the entrapment of cyclic polymers in networks. Preparative routes to cyclic polymers are then reviewed, including ring-chain equilibration reactions, coupling and condensation reactions and new methods using polymer-supported reagents. Some of the properties of cyclic PDMS are discussed, including differences between ring and chain polymer properties such as their melt viscosities and glass transition temperatures. Methods for preparing the first polymeric catenanes are described, using polymer-supported reagents. Future directions for cyclic polymer chemistry are indicated, including topological polymer chemistry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pat.1994.220050902
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of stress and vapor exposure before and during aging on enthalpy relaxation of poly(vinyl chloride) (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 1123-1129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Enthalpy relaxations in glassy poly(vinyl chloride) following varied pre-aging treatments and under varied aging conditions have been compared through observations of sub-Tg endothermal DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) aging peaks. The extent of enthalpy relaxation for a fixed time and temperature of aging is progressively enhanced by the imposition and release of increasing mechanical stress before aging. The same effect is produced by sorption and desorption of increasing amounts of CO2 or CH3Cl vapor before aging. In contrast, the continued application of mechanical stress, or the presence of vapor, during the aging period suppresses enthalpy relaxation. The extent of suppression increases with increasing vapor pressure and solubility or increasing stress. These effects are interpreted as consequences of an increase in the enthalpy of the polymer under mechanical or sorptive stress and an enthalpy relaxation following the release of this stress. In addition to these effects on the DSC endotherm, a pronounced exotherm between the aging peak and Tg is observed for samples which have undergone shear yielding or orientation either before or during aging. This exotherm may be the result of release of stored strain energy during the DSC scan.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760241408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachweis und Abscheidung des Arsens bei Gegenwart von Antimon und Zinn (1894)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 6 (1894), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0863-1778
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.18940060134
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue reaction in rabbit muscle exposed to metallic implantsSupported by National Institute of Health Grant AM1625 and reported to the Orthopedic Research Society, Chicago, Illinois, January 1965. (1967)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1 (1967), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The tissue reaction to metallic and nonmetallic implants in the back muscles of New Zealand White Rabbits is presented. These reactions are graded and correlated with the trace metal contained around such implanes. Correlations are drawn as to the acceptability of various materials for the manufacture of surgical implants.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820010113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical engineering materials screening and monitoringThis work was supported by Public Health Service Grant HE09251-04. Material based on this paper was presented at the Materials Engineering and Science Conference, A.I.Ch.E., Philadelphia, Pa., April 1, 1968. (1969)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 3 (1969), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: This work was motivated by the need for a systematic compatibility screen for materials of interest for heart assist devices. A practical polymer screening and monitoring program for biochemical engineering materials was developed. Initial emphasis was placed on screening to measure degradation to low molecular weight, water miscible moieties over simulated in vivo exposure. Infrared spectrographic analysis of the simulated body fluid showed that the level of organic moiety corresponds to general clinical experience. Further confirmation of the technique came from evaluation of control polymers from The University of Texas Drug Research Laboratory. Correlation of results with cell culture viability in the presence of the pseudo body fluid is being carried out.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820030204
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and bioevaluation of alkyl 2-cyanoacryloyl glycolates as potential soft tissue adhesives (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 20 (1986), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: A series of alkyl 2-cyanoacryloyl glycolate tissue adhesives were synthesized and characterized by NMR. Physical properties and bond strengths are presented. Within the series, bond strength decreased with increasing molecular weight. Corresponding polymers were evaluated by in vitro and in vivo techniques for biocompatibility. In general, in vitro biocompatibility increased with molecular weight. Based on in vitro and in vivo results, the isobutyl and isoamyl derivatives gave polymers that were most biocompatible, however, the entire series was found to be less reactive than poly(methyl 2-cyanoacrylate) and only the isopropyl derivative polymers more reactive than poly(isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate). Approximately one-third of the isobutyl polymer biodegraded in vivo after 6 weeks.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820200209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and fabrication of two types of artificial tendons for evaluation of surgical techniques (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 9 (1975), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Double-loop tendons of fixed and adjustable lengths, and tendons with inner porous tapes both for anastomosis to tendon stumps have been made from readily available materials. By using stainless steel wire and polymer fibers, breakloads have been obtained that range from 20 to 100 lb and elongations have been reduced to less than 2%. Pore sizes up to 50 × 250 μ2 were achieved by using woven, knitted, and braided polyester tapes. For all tendons, Silastic was used to isolate inner fibers and to effect smooth gliding. Preliminary evaluation of these devices, after being implanted in the feet of chickens for 4 weeks, indicates that anastomotic strength of unions formed by use of loops is about 1000 g compared to more than 2000 for unions formed by tissue ingrowth.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820090418
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