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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 42 (1991), S. 584-591 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Halogenidionen auf die Passivierung und die Lochkorrosion von Kupfer in alkalischen LösungenDie Passivität von Kupfer in Chlorid-, Bromid- und Fluoridionen enthaltender Natronlauge und Boratpufferlösung wurde mit Hilfe der zyklischen Voltammetrie und der Messung der potentiostatischen Stromtransienten untersucht. Bei Vorschubgeschwindigkeit ≥ 20 mVs-1 wird durch die Zugabe der Halogenidionen das zyklische Voltammogramm fast nicht beeinflußt, sofern keine Lochkorrosion auftritt. Liegt jedoch auch Lochkorrosion vor, so ergeben sich beträchtliche Unterschiede. Das Lochkorrosionspotential ist abhängig vom pH der Lösung und nimmt mit zunehmen-dem Wert des Logarithmus der Halogenidkonzentration linear ab. Die Stromtransienten im Passivitätsbereich und im Bereich des Lochkorrosionspotentials wurden analysiert. Vor Beginn der Lochkorrosion sind die i-t-Kurven weitgehend ähnlich den in halogenidfreien Lösungen. Nach mehr als 20 s ändert sich der Strom linear mit dem reziproken Wert der Quadratwurzel aus der Zeit, was ein Indiz für die Diffusionsabhängigkeit der Metallkorrosion durch die Passivschicht ist. Wenn Lochkorrosion auftritt, so entspricht der Verlauf der Lochkorrosionsstrom/Zeit-Kurve der Gleichung von Engell-Stolica.
    Notes: The passivity of copper in NaOH and borate buffer solutions containing chloride, bromide and fluoride ions was studied by using cyclic voltammetry and potentiostatic current transient measurements. At scan rates ≥ 20 mVs-1, the addition of halide ions does not nearly affect the cyclic voltammograms in the absence of pitting. But they differ considerably in presence of pitting. The pitting potential was found to depend on the solution pH and decreased linearly with increase of logarithm of halide ion concentration. The current transients in the passivity as well as in the pitting potential regions were analyzed. Before the pitting, i-time curves were rather similar to those obtained in the plain solutions. At times 〉 20 seconds, the current varies linearly with the reciprocal of the square root of time indicating diffusional characteristics of the metal corrosion through the passive layer. In presence of pitting, the pitting current versus time relations fit the Engell-Stolica equation.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of some well-known flame retardants on the ignition behaviour of cotton fabric. Two types of flame retardants acting in different phases (e.g. condensed phase and gas phase) were used. At low add-on of the retardant acting in the condensed phase the ignition behaviour of the cotton is different from that treated with retardant acting in the gas phase. The condensed-phase retardant caused cotton to burn more rapidly than untreated fabrics. This was attributed to the fact that small add-on of the retardant makes the fuel for the flame available at a lower temperature. However, in the presence of sufficient amounts of retardant, the decomposition of cellulose becomes more directed towards the dehydration mechanism and thus the concentration of the flammable gases is insufficient to reach the flammability limits required. When gas-phase flame retardants were used, a linear dependency of ignition time on the concentration of additive was found. This is explained in terms of the dilution effect of this retardant on the fuel produced from the decomposing fabric.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Fire and Materials 16 (1992), S. 45-51 
    ISSN: 0308-0501
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Some zinc chelates were prepared according to conventional methods, and were mixed with polypropylene in the presence and absence of a halogenated compound (Cereclor 70). The effect of these chelates on the flammability and thermal behaviour of polypropylene was studied by measuring the limiting oxygen index values and by the use of thermal analysis. This results showed that these chelates are ineffective in reducing the flammability of polypropylene but their effectiveness is enhanced to varying extents by the addition of Cereclor.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 2 (1981), S. 132-136 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Moisture penetration at 95°C into glass fiber and graphite fiber-reinforced epoxies is examined in stressed and unstressed materials. The study focuses on the effect of the angle between the stress and the fiber directions on the diffusivities. It is found that the consequence of applying external stresses to composites is an increase in their rate of moisture absorption, their maximum moisture content, and in the diffusion coefficients. As the angle between the loading and fiber directions in increased the rate and the maximum value of moisture absorption also increase. Their ratio, however, remains constant resulting in loading angle independence of the exposure of the composites to water produces a typical damage mechanism which enhances moisture take-up.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 6 (1985), S. 9-12 
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A model for the effect of external loading on diffusion into the bulk resin matrix of unidirectional composite materials is proposed. The model attributes the effect to a change in the free volume of the resin matrix, which is equal to its volume strain. The latter is calculated by substracting the volume strain of the fibers from that of the composite. The ratio of the diffusion coefficients in the stressed and unstressed states is expressed as a function of the stress level, the volume fraction of the fibers, and the angle between the applied stress and the fiber direction. Calculations for a glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy composites are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 28 (1983), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The protective properties of several plastic foams, represented by cushioning curves calculated from static stress-strain curves, were compared to those obtained in shock tests. It was found that the amount of energy absorbed in the two types of tests is almost the same, while the force applied to the product is about 30-50% higher in the dynamic test. Accordingly, the relatively simple static test may be used for choosing the most suitable foam for protection of a fragile product.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymers in which the diffusion mechanism was characterized by a sharp advancing boundary between the swollen shell and the core showed a highly anisotropic swelling response. The anisotropy of the swelling strains was caused by the mechanical constraints exerted mutually by the two regions of the specimen. The swelling stresses developing during the process eventually led to fracture of the polymer specimen. An analytical model which explained the modes of failure of the polymer under the swelling stresses was developed. The proposed approach was based on the general analogy existing between the studied swollen specimens and composite materials. A model for the prediction of the anisotropic hygroelastic response of the swollen systems was also proposed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 29 (1998), S. 263-269 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The corrosion behaviour of zinc in glycollic, mercaptoacetic and cyanoacetic acids and glycine was studied by weight loss, pH-monitoring and polarization measurements. The rate of corrosion was found to be a first order with respect to hydrogen ion activity and strongly dependent of the acid type. The abnormal behaviour in cyanoacetic acid at 〈 0.5 M was attributed to the hydrolysis of the acid during the corrosion and formation of malonic acid as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Morphological investigation of the corroded surfaces showed localized corrosion in cyanoacetic and glycollic acids which increased as the acid concentration or corrosion time increased. The FT-IR analysis indicated also the formation of zinc glycollate and zinc thioglycollate as the corrosion products of zinc in glycollic and mercaptoacetic acids, respectively (Scheme 1a+b).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 49 (1993), S. 1725-1731 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A sample of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and a polar plasticizer consisting of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was prepared and found to possess inconvenient electrical properties (permittivity, dielectric loss, and conductivity). Different samples of PVC compositions were formulated from the PVC-DOP-DBP system and also variable proportions of a copolymer of 1-octadecene-maleic anhydride or its hexadecylester. Lead stearate as a heat stabilizer and kaolin as a filler were added. The effect of copolymer structure on the electrical properties of the PVC-DOP-DBP system was studied to obtain a plasticized PVC of good electrical insulation character. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 56 (1995), S. 153-159 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Blended cement pastes made of Portland cement and fine sand (known in Egypt as El-Karnak cement) were made using a water-cement ratio of 0.25 by weight. Three pastes containing admixture (water-soluble condensates) were also prepared using a water-cement ratio of 0.25 and condensate (superplasticizer) content of 0.25% by the weight of cement; the superplasticizers used are Na-phenol sulfonate formaldehyde, Na-polystyrene sulfonate, and Na-ß-naphthol sulfonate formaldehyde condensates. All pastes were cured for various time intervals within the range of 0.02-90 days. Compressive strength tests, hydration kinetics, X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis, and surface properties were studied and related as much as possible to the pore structure of the hardened pastes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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