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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phasenumwandlungen in Korrosionsschichten auf Eisen: Mößbauerspektroskopische UntersuchungenHerrn Professor Karl Heinrich Lieser zum 60. Geburtstag (1981)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 296-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase transformations in corrosion layers on iron: Mössbauer spectroscopic studiesThe corrosion of steel surfaces was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopic phase analysis in scattering and transmission geometry.In atmospheres of low corrosivity, long exposure times result mainly in the relatively stable β-phases among the possible iron corrosion products. An increase in corrosivity by addition of hydrochloric acid leads to a pronounced formation of β-FeOOH, whereas the α-phases are absent. The influence of different coatings on the phase composition was also studied. The formation and transformation of the different iron containing phases in rust can be understood in terms of a stability diagram.Furthermore, the effect of so-called “rust transformers” was studied. None of these products showed the desired effect of phase transformations towards the formation of protective compounds such as Fe3O4. In some cases it was found that the rust transformers even caused a destruction of an already existing protective layer.
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stahlblechen wurde die mößbauerspektroskopische Phasenanalyse in Transmissions- und Streugeometrie eingesetzt.Die Korrosion von Stahlblechen führt in einer Atmosphäre von geringer Korrosivität nach langen Expositionszeiten vorwiegend zu den relativ stabilen β-Phasen der möglichen Fe-Korrosionsprodukte. Bei durch HCl-Zusatz erhöhter Korrosivität ergibt sich eine Bevorzugung der Bildung von β-FeOOH und kein Auftreten der α-Phasen. Auch der Einfluß von. Beschichtungen auf die Phasenzusammensetzung wird behandelt. Die Entstehung und Umwandlung der verschiedenen Fe-haltigen Phasen im Rost läßt sich anhand eines Stabilitätsdiagramms verstehen. Auch die Wirkung von sogenannten „Rostumwandlern“ wird betrachtet. Sie führen nicht zu den beabsichtigten, sondern eher zu schädlichen Phasenumwandlungen in den Rostschichten.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19810320703
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mößbauer- und ESCA-Untersuchungen zur Bildung oxidischer Eisenphasen in wäßrigen Medien unter der Einwirkung organischer Korrosionsinhibitoren (1982)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mössbauer and ESCA investigations on the formation of oxidic iron phases in aqueous solution under the influence of organic corrosion inhibitorsCorrosion layers on steel grown in water of well defined hardness and chloride concentration were studied by Mossbauer and ESCA spectroscopy with particular emphasis on the influence of added organic inhibitors. Relatively thick layers were found with an unexpectedly small iron content (as FeOOH). The layers contain a remarkable amount of constituent ions from the solution and fragments of the inhibitors. The latter seem to be decomposed by the corrosive medium: It is assumed that the whole organic molecule determines the kind of transportation of the inhibitor to the iron metal, but that the inhibition itself is due to functional groups only.
    Notes: Korrosionsschichten auf Stahl nach Exposition in Wasser mit bestimmter Härte und Chloridgehalt wurden hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit beigefügter organischer Inhibitoren mittels Mößbauer- und ESCA-Spektroskopie untersucht. Es entstehen relativ dicke Schichten mit einem unerwartet niedrigen Eisengehalt in Form von FeOOH. Die Schichten enthalten merkliche Mengen von Ionen aus der Testlösung und auch Abbauprodukte der Inhibitormoleküle. Letztere werden anscheinend in dem korrosiven Medium zersetzt. Es ist anzunehmen, daß das Gesamtmolekül zwar den Transport des Inhibitors zum Metall beeinflußt, die eigentliche Inhibierung aber allein durch funktionelle Gruppen erfolgt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19820330106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and light-induced spin transition in [Fe(bpen)X2] (bpen = 1,6-Bis(2-pyridyl)-2,5-diazahexane, X = NCS-, NCSe-)Dedicated to Professor Max Herberhold on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1129-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: iron complexes ; kinetics ; magnetic susceptibility ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; spin crossover ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal and light-induced spin transitions in [Fe(bpen)(NCS)2] and [Fe(bpen)(NCSe)2] have been investigated by means of magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer measurements. The HS → LS transition in [Fe(bpen)(NCS)2] is detected at temperatures below 120 K (T1/2 [when the fraction of high-spin species γHS = 0.5] = 68 K) with a residual HS fraction of 8% at 20 K. The transition is fairly abrupt and no hysteresis is observed, in contrast to earlier studies (ref. [8]). The generation of metastable HS states in [Fe(bpen)(NCS)2] is achieved by rapid cooling of the sample and by irradiating the compound at low temperatures with light of appropriate wavelengths (LIESST). The HS → LS relaxation of the metastable spin states after rapid cooling is observed at temperatures between 35 and 42.5 K and shows strong deviations from single exponential behavior. The spin-transition behavior changes drastically on substitution of the thiocyanate ions by NCSe-. In [Fe(bpen)(NCSe)2] a gradual and complete spin transition between 140 and 250 K is observed (T1/2 = 181 K). Irradiation of the compound with green light at low temperatures does not result in formation of long-lived metastable HS states. The spintransition curves derived from magnetic susceptibility and Mössbauer studies show good agreement for each compound, and no hints of significantly different Lamb-Mössbauer factors for the HS and LS states are observed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.1460020912
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung der Mößbauer-Spektroskopie auf die Untersuchung von Deckschichten in Naturumlaufkesseln (1978)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 29 (1978), S. 250-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of Mößbauer spectroscopy to the study of surface layers in natural convection boilersQualitative and quantitative analysis of oxide layers on tubes in steam generators have been performed by 57Fe Mössbauer Spectroscopy in transmission and backscattering geometry. The tubes were exposed to the following conditions for ca. 127000 hours: 120-174 atm., 320-353 °C and 9.5-10.5 pH; the water contained 〈 10 and 〈 4 mg/l of P2O5 and SiO2, respectively (The results of the chemical analysis of the tube materials were: 15 Mo 3 : 0.12% C, 0.15% Si, 0.5% Mn, 0.04% P, 0.04% S, ≤ 0.3% Cr, 0.25% Mo, rest Fe; St. 45.8. III: 〈 0.22% C, 0.1% Si, ≤ 0.45% Mn, 0.05% P, 0.05% S, ≤ 0.3% Cr, rest Fe).The Mössbauer investigations showed that the protective oxide layers contained mainly non-stoichiometric magnetite (Fe3-xO4; x ≤ 0.03), partly in microcristalline form (〈500 Å). In addition to magnetite, hematite (α-Fe2 O3) was also detected in one of the samples. The composition of the top surface layers (∼5000 Å) was studied by Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS). The high phosphate content in two of the four investigated samples can be probably attributed to apatite or hydroxylapatite.
    Notes: 57Fe-Mößbauer-spektroskopische Transmissions- und Reflexionsmessungen wurden zur Aufklärung der qualitativen und quantitativen Zusammensetzung von Deckschichten auf der Innenseite von Rohren aus Naturumlaufkesseln vorgenommen. Die Deckschichten waren bei 120 bis 174 atü, 320 bis 353 °C, einem pH-Wert zwischen 9,5 und 10,5 und einem Gehalt an P2O5 und SiO2 von 〈 10 bzw. 〈 4 mg/l auf den Rohrinnenflächen (Werkstoff 15 Mo 3: 0,12%C, 0,15% Si, 0,5% Mn, 0,04% P, 0,04% S, ≤ 0,3% Cr, 0,25% Mo, Rest Fe; St. 45. 8. III: 〈 0,22% C, 0,1% Si, ≥ 0,45% Mn, 0,05% P, 0,05% S, ≤ 0,3% Cr, Rest Fe) innerhalb von maximal 127000 h entstanden. Die Mößbauer-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen, unterstützt durch eine naßchemische Analyse, ergaben, daß die Schutzschichten in der Hauptsache aus nichtstöchiometrischem Magnetit Fe3-xO4 (x ≤ 0,03) bestehen, das zum Teil in mikrokristalliner Form (〈 500 Å) vorliegt. In einem Fall konnte neben Magnetit auch Hämatit (α-Fe2 O3) nachgewiesen werden. Aussagen über die Zusammensetzung der oberen ca. 5000 Å dicken Schicht konnte mit Hilfe von Konversionselektronen-Mößbauer-Messungen erhalten werden. Der hohe, naßchemisch festgestellte Phosphatgehalt der Deckschichten auf zwei der vier untersuchten Rohrproben ist wahrscheinlich Apatit bzw. Hydroxylapatit zuzuschreiben.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19780290404
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-spin → low-spin relaxation in [Fe(bpp)2](CF3SO3)2 H2O after LIESST and thermal spin-state trapping - dynamics of spin transition versus dynamics of phase transitionDedicated to Professor Gerhard Herberich on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1134-1138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: iron complexes ; magnetic susceptibility ; Mössbauer spectroscopy ; phasetransitions ; spin crossover ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The iron(II) complex [Fe(bpp)2]-(CF3SO3)2 H2O (bpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazolyl-3-yl)pyridine) shows a thermal spin transition associated with a hysteresis of approximately 140 K width. The transition temperatures T1/2 (where the fraction of HS species γHS = 0.5) are 147 K and ≍285 K in the cooling and heating directions, respectively. The compound shows the LIESST and reverse-LIESST effects at low temperatures. The relaxation of the metastable HS states generated by LIESST was observed quantitatively at temperatures between 77.5 and 85 K by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Metastable HS states can also be generated by rapid cooling of the sample. The relaxation of the metastable HS states formed by thermal spin-state trapping was monitored at temperatures between 104 and 118 K by magnetic susceptibility measurements. The relaxation mechanisms of the HS states generated by LIESST and thermal spinstate trapping are completely different. We suggest that the HS → LS relaxation after thermal spin-state trapping is triggered by an additional structural phase transition of the system.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.1460020913
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface versus bulk composition of a phosphate glass (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 22 (1994), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to study alterations of the surface layer of an iron containing industrial phosphate glass as compared with its bulk. In the surface layer, after polishing and exposure to ambient atmosphere, Fe2+ is partially oxidized to Fe3+. This oxidation, however, does not increase the O/P ratio in this layer, because it goes along with a strong leaching of network modifiers. This leaching leads to a net decrease of the O/P ratio because it overcompensates the relative oxygen increase by Fe2+ oxidation and by uptake of water.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740220158
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative XPS analysis of leached layers on optical glasses (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 796-802 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The corrosion of optical glasses often reduces the utility of uncoated glasses as well as the adhesion of resistive coatings deposited onto corroded glasses. Photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was applied to study glass surfaces with respect to their surface corrosion. In particular, leaching by the influence of polish slurries, pure water, air and even residual gases inside a vacuum device was studied in detail. Pure quartz glass and different sodium and barium silicate glasses were broken in ultrahigh vacuum (4 × 10-10 mbar) for the determination of sensitivity factors of the different XPS signals. It was found that a quantitative determination of the surface composition of corroded and leached layers is possible by determination of the intensities of the XPS O 1s, Si 2p, Si 2s, B 1s, Na 1s, Na 2s, Na 2p, Ba 3d and Ba 4d signals. After leaching in aqueous solutions, the barium is exchanged by hydrogen via an interdiffusion mechanism, resulting in an enrichment of different hydrogen bonds (H2O/H3O+, OH-, ≡Si—O—H) in the leached layer. An iterative algorithm is shown, which allows, in addition to the content of all other elements, the hydrogen content to be determined quantitatively in the leached layers. Furthermore, the calculation of the density of surface layers becomes possible. For an exact analysis of the leached layers the intensity loss by contamination layers is considered and the calculated density is used to perform matrix-dependent intensity corrections for the attenuation length.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200908
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Absolute Density of Fe3+ and Ni2+ Ions in Langmuir-Blodgett Films (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 24 (1996), S. 68-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By means of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique, mono- and multilayers of Ni2+ and Fe3+ containing fatty acid salts are transferred onto silicon wafers. After thermal treatment, oxidic layers can be produced.The absolute amounts of Fe3+ and Ni2+ ions per monolayer of LB film were measured and calculated by three different methods. In the case of nickel, the amount expected from theory and preparation conditions was obtained experimentally. In contrast, about twice the number of Fe3+ ions as expected is transferred. An explanation can be given by the presence of hydroxide groups bound to iron.The mean film thickness of the oxidic layers after thermal treatment was estimated where the thicknesses were found to be 〈1nm.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of energy-dependent detector efficiency in electron spectroscopic methods: XPS, AES and DCEMSDedicated to Professor Uli Gonser on the occasion of his 70th birthday (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 20 (1993), S. 544-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Systematic studies were performed to investigate the distorting effect of the electron energy dependence of the channeltron detector efficiency on the shape of data distributions in electron spectroscopy. In agreement with earlier results for electron energies up to 3 keV, it was found that a virtually energy-independent shape of the electron distribution might be achieved even in a very broad range of electgron energies (up to 15 keV) by appropriate selection of the operational high voltage of a channeltron. However, the efficieny of channeltrons was also found to depend on count rates, indicating one of the principal difficulties in comparing distribution recorded under different experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740200610
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Mößbauer-Spektroskopie und ihre Anwendung auf chemisch-technische Probleme (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 43 (1971), S. 1049-1061 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung der physikalischen Grundlagen der Mößbauer-Spektroskopie werden die wichtigsten Parameter im Mößbauer-Spektrum (Isomerie-Verschiebung, Quadrupolaufspaltung und magnetische Aufspaltung) sowie ihre Bedeutung für die Chemie behandelt (u. a. Bestimmung des Oxidationszustandes, der Bindungseigenschaften, der Elektronegativität von Liganden, der Molekülsymmetrie und der magnetischen Eigenschaften). Die Mößbauer-Spektroskopie hat bereits breite Anwendung vor allem in der Festkörperforschung gefunden. An Hand einiger repräsentativer Beispiele wird ihre Anwendbarkeit auf chemisch-technische Probleme aufgezeigt, z. B. bei der Reinheitsprüfung, bei chemischen Umwandlungen in Festkörpern auch bei hohen Temperaturen, bei der Untersuchung von Legierungen und bei Korrosionserscheinungen.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330431902
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