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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient natural convection in a vertical cylinder (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 251-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental and analytical study is reported of transient natural convection in a vertical cylinder. For the experiments a cylinder was partially filled with liquid and subjected to a uniform heat flux at the walls. Thermocouples were used to measure the unsteady temperature field within the liquid; dye tracers were used to study flow patterns. Parameters that were varied included the test liquid (water-glycerin mixtures), the liquid depth, and the wall heat flux. A range of Prandtl number from 2 to 8,000, L/D ratio from 1 to 3, and Grashof number from 103 to 1011 were studied, encompassing both laminar and turbulent flow regimes.An analytical model was developed by dividing the system into three regions: a thin boundary layer rising along the heated walls, a mixing region at the top where the boundary layer discharges and mixes with the upper core fluid, and a main core region which slowly falls in plug flow. The temperature of the core fluid was assumed to vary in the vertical direction but not in the horizontal direction. Natural convection boundary-layer equations were modified to allow for a temperature variation at the outer edge of the boundary layer. The model may be used with a step-by-step computational procedure to predict the temperature distribution in the fluid as a function of time for an arbitrary set of conditions. Results computed by using the model were in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140210
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquefied petroleum gases: Guide to properties, applications and usage of propane and butane, A. F. Williams and W. L. Lom, Wiley, New York (1974). 403 pages. $33.50 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 412-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquefied natural gas, W. L. Lom, Wiley, New York (1974). 178 pages. $18.00 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 412-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210236
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elektrochemische Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsverhalten galvanisch- und stromlos abgeschiedener Überzugsmetalle in chloridhaltigen LösungenVortrag, gehalten auf der Dechema-Jahrestagung 1972 in Frankfurt a. M. am 15. Juni 1972 (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 112-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical investigations into the corrosion behaviour of electrolytically and chemically deposited metallic coatings in chloride containing solutionsBehaviour of chemically deposited coatings (Nip-alloy, NiB-alloys), electrolytically deposited coatings (Ni, Zn, Cd, hard Cr and Cu) and  -  for the purpose of comparison  -  CrNi steel 18 8 in NaCl solutions (0.6, 2.91, 14.16 and 24.18 weight %) with NaCl concentration, oxygen concentration and temperature as variables. In aerated systems the oxygen concentration is rate controlling; in this context, characteristic differences are found, depending from the noble character of the particular metal. The temperature has little bearing on the corrosion current.
    Notes: Verhalten von stromlos abgeschiedenen Überzügen (Nip-Leg., NiB-Leg.), elektrolytisch abgeschiedenen Überzügen (Ni, Zn, Cd, Hartchrom, Cu) und  -  als Vergleichswerkstoff  -  CrNi-Stahl 18 8 in NaCl-Lösungen (06, 2,91, 14,16 und 24,18 Gew.%) unter Berücksichtigung von NaC1-Konzentration, Sauerstoffkonzentration und Temperatur als Variablen. In belüfteten systemen ist die Sauerstoffkonzentration geschwindigkeitsbestimmend, wobei sich charakteristische Unterschiede je nach dem edlen Charakter des Metalls ergeben. Die Temperatur beeinflußt den Korrosionsstrom nur wenig.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DTA and TGA studies of flame-resistant fabrics (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 10 (1966), S. 1041-1066 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Preliminary thermal studies were made of cotton fabrics which had been made flame resistant by chemical modification or by blending with a flame-resistant modified acrylic fiber. DTA and TGA thermograms were made in both nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres. Differences were found in the thermograms of the untreated controls, depending upon amount of purification. Fabrics treated with the flame-retardant formulations had lower decomposition temperatures and higher percent residue. Decomposition in oxygen was more complete and proceeded at a lower temperature. Infrared spectra of selected samples, which had been partially or completely charred, were examined. These data are related to theories about the degradation of flame-resistant cotton fabrics.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1966.070100708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chiral hplc-cd studies of the antituberculosis drug (+)-ethambutolPresented at the Second International Symposium on Chiral Discrimination, May 27-31, 1991, Rome, Italy. (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 227-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: circular dichroism ; exciton coupling ; derivatisation ; tetrabenzoylethambutol ; dibenzoyl-2-aminobutan-1-ol ; absolute stereochemistry ; Pirkle column ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Long standing errors in major pharmacopoeiae (BP,USP, and Eu.Ph.) concerning the absolute stereochemistry of the widely used antituberculosis drug (+)-ethambutol have been clarified by unambiguous synthesis and chiral HPLC. on a Pirkle, covalent D-phenylglycine column of perbenzoyl derivatives of each stereomer; the enantiomeric (-)-(R,R) and (+)-(S,S)-ethambutols together with the optically inactive (meso)-(R,S)-ethambutol. This paper describes how circular dichroism (CD) alone and combined with HPLC is used to demonstrate this chiral separation and also to confirm the absolute stereochemistry of each stereomer of ethambutol and its synthetic precursor 2-aminobutan-1-ol from studies of „exciton coupling.“ The strengths and weaknesses of these chiral techniques are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040405
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereochemical studies of chiral h-1 antagonists of histamine: The resolution, chiral analysis, and biological evaluation of four antipodal pairs (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 356-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: H-1 antihistamines ; chiral HPLC ; β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes ; NMR ; circular dichroism ; affinity constants ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resolution of the H-1 antihistamines chloropheniramine, dimethindene, carbinoxamine, and mebrophenhydramine is described. The optical purity of antipodal products is investigated by chiral HPLC (use of α1 -acid glycoprotein and β-cyclodextrin columns) and NMR (spectra of β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes). Configurational relationships among the group are reviewed and assignments are confirmed and extended by circular dichroism evidence. Affinity constants of antipodal pairs for guinea pig ileum and cerebellum sites, determined by gut bath and binding experiments respectively, are reported together with some in vivo tests in man for central effects. Results are discussed in terms of configurational requirements for activity and variations in antipodal potency ratios within the group. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination in resolving systems: Ephedrine-mandelic acid (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 4 (1992), S. 494-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: diastereomers ; crystal structures ; isosterism ; organic salts ; molecular recognition ; hydrogen bonding ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resolution of mandelic acid with ( - )-(1R,2S)-ephedrine in water and ethanol produces intermediate diastereomeric salts with greatly disparate solubilities and melting points. Single crystal X-ray analysis of the less (L) and more (M) soluble ( - )-ephedrinium mandelates (I, II) shows crystal structures which are isosteric, each crystallizing in the monoclinic system, space group C2. Protonated ephedrines occupy the same relative positions in the L- and M-salts, and mandelates are in the same general locations. Hydrogen bonds link alternating protonated ephedrine nitrogens and mandelate carboxylate oxygens in each salt forming columns of ions. The helical H-bonded chain winds down the crystallographic 2-fold screw axis. Additional H-bonds form between 2-fold related mandelates in the L-salt. Mixed crystals, containing both mandelate isomers, (2R)- and (2S)-mandelates, are obtained from the resolving system partly depleted of the L-salt. A specimen with nearly equal amounts of the mandelates (III) is also isosteric with the commensurate structures. I (294K), L-salt: a = 18.160(7), b = 6.538(2), c = 13.898(4) Å, β = 92.02(3)°, V = 1649.1(9) Å3; IIa (294K), M-salt: a = 17.978(11), b = 7.164(4), c = 13.574(6)Å, β = 96.41(4)°, V = 1737.3(16) Å3; IIb (223K), M-salt: a = 17.805(8), b = 7.115(2), c = 13.50(5) Å, β = 96.89(3)°, V = 1697.9(15) Å3; III (294K), mixed-salt: a = 18.184(22), b = 6.792(7), c = 13.808(19) Å, β = 93.74(10)°, V = 1701.7(35) Å3. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530040807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination in resolving systems II: Ephedrine-substituted mandelic acids (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 7 (1995), S. 652-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: diastereomeric salts ; molecular recognition ; hydrogen bonding ; polymorphism ; thermal analysis ; crystallography ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Binary diastereomeric (-) (1R,2S)-ephedrine salts of various mandelic acids obtained from 95% ethanol show considerable differences in solubility. Structures and some properties of the less-soluble (L) and more-soluble (M) solid phases of (-)-ephedrine with unsubstituted mandelic acid, 2-, 3-, and 4-monosubstituted halo (F, Cl, Br) mandelic acids, and 3- and 4-methylmandelic acids have been determined. Salts were found to be binary, without solvent of crystallization, and composed of double-layered arrays of alternating anions and cations linked by H-bonds normal to the layers. H-bonding links charged donors and acceptors usually along a crystallographic 2-fold screw axis. A striking discrimination is evident in that the (2R)-mandelate salts typically display a compact four-atom chain as the H-bonding repeating unit [+N - H…O( - C- - O)…H-N′, C21(4)] while the (2S)-mandelate salts adopt a more dimensionally variable six-atom chain repeating unit [+N - H…O - C- - O…H - N′, C22(6)]. Two distinct packing schemes display the shorter H-bonding chain of the (2R)-mandelates which always occurs with ephedrinium ions in the fully extended conformation. Slightly greater packing efficiency and H-bonding energies of the (2R)-mandelate salts correlates with increased fusion points, lower solubilities (95% ethanol), and higher heats of fusion relative to the phase adopted by their diastereoisomers. In contrast, (2S)-mandelate salts exhibit considerably more structural variability involving all three major ephedrinium conformations, and at least four distinct packing motifs. Mandelates with larger 3′-substituents (Cl, Br, methyl) show similar property discriminations, but these occur with an opposing trend, that is, between phases in which the less-soluble salts contain (2S)-mandelates. Salts with 2-bromomandelate do not show property disparities and their structures are dissimilar to the other phases. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530070816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elucidation of vancomycin's enantioselective binding site using its copper complex (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 8 (1996), S. 590-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: macrocyclic antibiotics ; separations ; molecular modeling ; enantioselectivity mechanism ; copper complex ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vancomycin forms a stable complex with Cu2- in neutral aqueous solutions. The enantioselectivity of native vancomycin was compared to that of the copper-vancomycin complex using capillary electrophoresis (CE). There were significant differences in their enantioselectivities. This can be attributed to the fact that copper ion coordinates with some of the same functional groups in vancomycin that are essential for chiral recognition and enantioresolution. An amine moiety that provides one of the more important enantioselective interactions was identified. This chiral interaction site was illustrated using a color-coded, space-filling model of the X-ray crystal structure of the copper-vancomycin complex. Successful enantioselective interactions at lower pHs were attributed to the partial dissociation of the copper-vancomycin complex. Chirality 8:590-595, 1996. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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