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  • Chemistry  (22)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1566-1571 
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: amino acids ; asymmetric syntheses ; carbolines ; chiral auxiliaries ; Pictet-Spengler reaction ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aromatic and aliphatic Schiff bases of tryptamine react with Fmoc- or phthaloyl-protected amino acid chlorides to form N-acyliminium intermediates, which, in the presence of titanium alkoxides at room temperature, undergo Pictet-Spengler reactions to give tetrahydro-β-carbolines with diastereomeric ratios of up to 99:1. The chiral auxiliary can be removed from the Pictet-Spengler adducts by means of a simple reduction. To rationalize the observed stereoselectivity a transition-state model is proposed in which the titanium atom coordinates both the carbonyl group of the N-acyliminium ion and the amino acid protecting group.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A convergent diastereoselective synthesis of racemic aristoserratine ((±)-24) via an intramolecular iminium-ion cyclization is described. The pivotal imine (±)-19 was prepared by condensation of the two building blocks (± )-trans-8-amino-3-(2,6-difluorobenzyloxy)-1-p-menthene ((±)-11) and N-(p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl)-3-indo-leacetaldehyde (18) which were synthesized from (±)-trans-1-p-menthene-3,8-diol ((±)-7) and 3-indoleacetic acid, respectively. On the route to the target (±)-24, two previously unknown indole alkaloids have been characterized, namely (±)-‘anti’-hobartin-15-ol ((±)-22) and (±)-‘anti’-aristotelin-15-ol ((±)-23).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A 1:1 mixture of the racemic trans- and cis-1-p-menthene-3,8-diols ((±)-3 and (±)-4, resp.) was readily prepared in 3 steps starting from 3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one. The relative configuration of the diols, purified via the corresponding cyclocarbonates, was assigned by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and found to be at variance with tentative claims in the literature. Optically active samples of 3 and 4 were prepared by resolution of the racemates with (R)-1-phenylethylamine. The absolute configuration of the resulting diols was determined by chemical correlation with standards of known absolute configuration.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 1030-1043 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 6. - Investigations on the Synthesis of L-SaccharopineN-Alkyl-5-oxoproline esters 4 or 6 are obtained by alkyl desilylation of N-trimethylsilyl-5-oxoproline esters 2 with 6- or 2-halohexanoates 3, 5 in the presence of KF and [18]crown-6. The higher reactivity of the 2-halo compounds 5 is established from competitive reactions of 2a with 3, 5 or the 2,6-dihalohexanoates 7, 8. Alkylation of 2a with methyl 6-bromo-2-phthalimidohexanoate (11), followed by removal of the phthaloyl group and hydrolysis, yields a mixture of the diastereomers pyrosaccharopine (13) and allosaccharopine (14a). - The optically pure hydroxyglutarates (2R)-15b and (2S)-15b are transformed into the respective triflates 18. These are treated with the Nα-protected lysine ester (S)-16b to give the esters 14b and 17b, which upon acid hydrolysis afford enantiomerically pure D-allosaccharopine (2R,5′S)-14a and L-saccharopine (2S,5′S)-14a.
    Notes: Alkyldesilylierung von N-Trimethylsilyl-5-oxoprolinestern 2 mit 6- bzw. 2-Halogenhexansäureestern 3 bzw. 5 führt in Gegenwart von KF und [18]Krone-6 zu den entsprechenden N-Alkyl-5-oxoprolinestern 4 bzw. 6. Kompetitive Umsetzungen von 2a mit 3 bzw. 5 sowie mit den 2,6-Dihalogenhexansäureestern 7, 8 zeigen eindeutig die höhere Reaktivität der 2-gegenüber den 6-Halogenverbindungen. Alkylierung von 2a mit 6-Brom-2-phthalimidohexansäure-methylester (11) ergibt nach Abspaltung der Phthaloylschutzgruppe und saurer Hydrolyse ein Diastereomerengemisch aus Pyrosaccharopin (13) und Allosaccharopin (14a). - Ausgehend von den enantiomerenreinen 2-Hydroxyglutarsäureestern (2R)-15b und (2S)-15b können über die Triflate 18 durch Umsetzung mit dem Nα-geschützten Lysinester (S)-16b die Ester 14b bzw. 17b hergestellt werden, die nach saurer Hydrolyse enantiomerenreines D-Allosaccharopin [(2R,5′S)-14a] bzw. L-Saccharopin [2S,5′S)-14a] ergeben.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 314-333 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 4.  -  Enantioselective Synthesis of N-Substituted α-Amino Carboxylic Acids from α-Hydroxy Carboxylic AcidsWith primary and secondary amines, the (S)-α-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy) carboxylates (S)-3 afford in an SN2 reaction the N-substituted (R)-α-amino carboxylates (R)-5, (R)-9, and (R)-12, resp. The rates of α-substituted ethyl propionates decrease in the order of the substituents triflate (3a) ≫ bromide (8a) 〉 mesylate (7a) ≧ tosylate (7b) 〉 chloride (8b); in the reactions with amines, decreasing reactivity affords increasing racemisation and elimination as a consequence of the more drastic conditions which are required.
    Notes: (S)-α-(Trifluormethylsulfonyloxy)carbonsäureester (S)-3 reagieren mit primären und sekundären Aminen im Sinne einer SN2-Reaktion zu den N-substituierten (R)-α-Aminocarbonsäureestern (R)-5, (R)-9 bzw. (R)-12. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit verschiedener in α-Stellung substituierter Propionsäure-ethylester mit Benzylamin nimmt in der Reihenfolge der Substituenten Triflat (3a) ≫ Bromid (8a) 〉 Mesylat (7a) ≧ Tosylat (7b) 〉 Chlorid (8b) deutlich ab. Abnehmende Reaktivität führt bei der Umsetzung mit Aminen aufgrund der erforderlichen härteren Bedingungen in zunehmendem Maße zu Racemisierung und Eliminierung.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1986 (1986), S. 334-358 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Amino Acids, 5.  -  Stereoselective Synthesis of α,α′-Imino Dicarboxylic AcidsThe trifluoromethanesulfonates 1, 11, and 26, resp., of enantiomerically pure lactates, β-phenyllactates, and dimethyl α-hydroxyglutarate (25) react with (S)- and (R)-α-amino acid esters 2, 5, 8, 14, 17, 20, and 23, resp., to yield diastereoselectively the α,α′-imino dicarboxylates 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21, and 24, resp., which can be hydrolyzed without difficulties to the corresponding α,α′-imino dicarboxylic acids 4, 7, 10, 13, 19, and 22, resp. The very high diastereoselectivity in these reactions is caused by the excellent leaving ability of the trifluoromethanesulfonate ion, which allows reactions even with the relatively weak nucleophilic α-amino carboxylates at low temperatures in an exclusive SN2 reaction.
    Notes: Die Trifluormethansulfonate 1, 11 bzw. 26 von enantiomerenreinen Milchsäureestern, β-Phenylmilchsäureestern bzw. α-Hydroxyglutarsäure-dimethylester (25) reagieren mit (S)-bzw. (R)-α-Aminosäureestern 2, 5, 8, 14, 17, 20 bzw. 23 diastereoselektiv zu den α,α′-Iminodicarbonsäureestern 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21 bzw. 24, die sich ohne Schwierigkeiten zu den entsprechenden α,α′-Iminodicarbonsäuren 4, 7, 10, 13, 19 bzw. 22 verseifen lassen. Verantwortlich für die hohe Diastereomerenausbeute bei diesen Reaktionen ist die große Austrittstendenz des Trifluormethansulfonat-Ions, das auch bei tiefen Temperaturen den Austausch mit den relativ schwach nucleophilen α-Aminosäureestern nach einem reinen SN2-Mechanismus ermöglicht.
    Additional Material: 18 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Aminosäuren ; Asymmetrisch Synthesen ; Chirale Hilfsstoffe ; Pictet-Spengler-Reaktionen ; Tetrahydrocarboline ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1The pI50-values of 1,2-dimethyl-, 1,2-diethyl- and 1,2-dipropyl-hydrazine are of the order 4,7 for monoamine oxidase (MO) and about 5,8 for diamine oxidase (DO). For both enzymes the pI50-values of 1,2-diisopropylhydrazine are much smaller30).2Under conditions similar to those of the enzyme determinations, acetaldehyde reacts non-enzymically with the first three 1,2-dialkyl derivatives mentioned above, whilst 1,2-diisopropylhydrazine remains inert during the spectrophotometric analysis.3In similar systems, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine reacts slowly with benzaldehyde.4From these observations, and from data obtained in the literature concerning transannular bond formation, it is concluded that 1,2-dialkylhydrazines react on MO and DO by virtue of their nucleophilic nature. The electrophilic counterpart of the active surface of the enzyme seems to be an aldehyde group in DO and a non-aldehyde and non-ketone carbonyl residue in MO and DO.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1594-1612 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Substitution of 2-(Sulfonyloxy)carboxylates with Oxygene and Sulfur Nucleophiles without RacemizationThe ethyl 2-(sulfonyloxy)propionates (S)-1a - c react with phenolates formed from 2 and with carboxylates 8 to give the respective 2-(aryloxy)- (R)-3 and 2-(acyloxy)propionates (R)-9 with inversion of configuration. Due to the high leaving tendency of the triflate group, (S)-1a generally give higher yields of substitution products under milder conditions than the corresponding mesylate (S)-1b and tosylate (S)-1c. In the case of the reaction of malic and succinic acid derivatives only the triflate (S)-10a is converted to the acyloxy compounds (R)-12 with carboxylates 8 at low temperature (-45°C); with the mesylates 10b and the bromide 10d only elimination is observed. Mercaptides and thiophenolates formed from 17 react with (S)-1a - c analogously. With potassium thiocyanate 1a, b react almost exclusively to give the thiocyanate 19; only traces of the corresponding isothiocyanate 20 are obtained.
    Notes: Die 2-(Sulfonyloxy)propionsäureester (S)-1a - c reagieren mit aus 2 gebildeten Phenolaten bzw. mit Carboxylaten 8 unter Inversion zu den 2-(Aryloxy)- (R)-3 bzw. 2-(Acyloxy)propionsäureestern (R)-9. Die durch die große Austrittstendenz des Trifluormethansulfonats bedingte hohe Reaktivität von (S)-1a führt, im Vergleich zu den Umsetzungen mit (S)-1b bzw. (S)-1c, unter milderen Reaktionsbedingungen zu besseren Ausbeuten an Substitutionsprodukten. Von den Äpfel- bzw. Bernsteinsäurederivaten 10a, 10b bzw. 10d läßt sich lediglich das Trifluormethansulfonat (S)-10a mit Carboxylaten bei tiefer Temp. (-45 °C) unter Konfigurationsumkehr zu entsprechenden Acyloxyverbindungen (R)-12 umsetzen, während das Mesylat 10b und die Br-Verbindung 10d ausschließlich Eliminierung zu 11 geben. Aus 17 gebildete Mercaptide und Thiophenolate reagieren mit (S)-1a - c ebenfalls unter Substitution und Konfigurationsumkehr; mit Kaliumrhodanid entsteht fast ausschließlich das Thiocyanat 19 neben nur Spuren von Isothiocyanat 20.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 56 (1984), S. 694-696 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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