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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pectic substances-water. I. Structural changes in the polygalacturonide chains during water adsorption (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 22 (1956), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An apparatus suitable for studying adsorption of water vapor both volumetrically and gravimetrically is described. Water vapor isotherms of highly esterified pectin, sodium pectate and pectic acid were determined. Equatorial and meridional spacings of the x-ray diffraction patterns were measured as a function of equilibrium water content in these materials. The interchain separations, as measured by the changes in the equatorial spacings of x-ray reflections, follow the shape of the adsorption isotherms. In esterified pectin and sodium pectate, the fiber repeat period increases until 5 molecules of water content per 3 galacturonide residues are adsorbed, thereafter remaining constant. The fiber period of pectic acid is constant throughout water adsorption.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.1202210112
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-scattering studies of crosslinking unsaturated polyesters with methyl acrylate (1962)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 58 (1962), S. 697-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The Debye-Bueche theory of light scattering of inhomogeneous solids was applied to a three-dimensional crosslinking process. A series of unsaturated polyesters of an average degree of polymerization of 7.4 were prepared in which the double bond spacings were varied. These polyesters were crosslinked with methyl acrylate in 1 : 2, 1 : 3, and 1 : 4 polyester double bond: monomer ratios. The crosslinking process was followed up with measurements of the light-scattering envelope beyond the gel point. Parameters corresponding to the extent of inhomogeneities and the mean square deviation of the local refractive index from the average were evaluated. The data were interpreted by proposing a gelation mechanism which can be separated into three phases by optical means.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1962.1205816643
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The change in density of low pressure polyethylene on stretchingSupported in part by a contract with the Office of Naval Research and assistance from the Plax Corporation and the Monsanto Chemical Co. (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 31 (1958), S. 523-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1203112328
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birefringence of actin (1991)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 31 (1991), S. 1283-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The total strain birefringence of F-actin isolated from chicken gizzards was measured as a function of elongation in thin transparent films. Each film held at a certain elongation in a jig was allowed to swell in a penetrating but nondissolving liquid. Seven liquids with different refractive indices were employed. The thickness of the film in each swelling liquid was obtained once equilibrium was established. At each elongation, from 0 to 16%, a Wiener curve was obtained. The minima of the Wiener curves yielded the intrinsic birefringence of F-actin as a function of elongation. The intrinsic birefringence increases with elongation up to 16%, above which the thin films break. The form birefringence at a set refractive index also increases with elongation. The implication of the strain birefringence of F-actin is discussed as it affects the optical properties, mainly light scattering, of tissues such as the fiber cells of lens of the eye.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360311106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heats of water vapor sorption in swelling biopolymers (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 1531-1538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heats of water vapor sorption by three biopolymers, polygalacturonic acid, sodium hyaluronate, and calcium salt of bovine submaxillary mucin, were determined calorimetrically. These calorimetric heats of sorption were compared with the isosteric heats of sorption as a function of water uptake. Maxima in both of these functions occur at “monolayer” coverage. The differences between the calorimetric and isosteric heats are explained in terms of the irreversibility of the sorption process, especially in terms of the structural changes that occur in the biopolymers during swelling.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1970.360091212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sorption of water vapor by calcium pectate (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 24 (1957), S. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202410720
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pectic substances - water. II. Thermodynamics of water vapor sorptionBased on a portion of a thesis presented by F. A. Bettelheim in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of California. (1957)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 24 (1957), S. 445-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The differential thermodynamic functions of water vapor sorption for the different forms of polygalacturonide chains indicate that in both the acid and sodium salt forms the swelling of polymer during vapor sorption opens new polar groups for further adsorption. In the highly esterified pectin no new polar group will be available through swelling, indicating that the methayl group shields the carboxylic oxygens from hydrogen bonding with water. The differential heat and entropy functions closely follow each other in the investigated systems. The high negative differential entropy values are explained by the contribution of the solid polymer which shows increasing order as indicated by an increase in crystallinity during the water vapor sorption. The mechanisms of water vapor sorption on the different forms of polygalacturonide chain were deduced from the differential thermodynamic functions. The constants of the B.E.T. and of the Hailwood and Horrobin theories of adsorption isotherms are in agreement with the proposed mechanisms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1957.1202410713
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the birefringence of polyethylene filmsThis work was supported in part by a contract with the Office of Naval Research. (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 27 (1958), S. 567-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1202711549
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of chlorinated diphenylsiloxanes (1964)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 2 (1964), S. 4011-4016 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Chlorinated diphenylsiloxanes were prepared by acid- and base-catalyzed polymerization of the corresponding diols in polar organic solvents. Under mild conditions, cyclic tetramers were isolated. More forcing conditions in the presence of base yielded resins containing largely cyclic species which showed extensive cleavage of the phenyl groups. The order of the phenyl group cleavage among the polymers indicated that the inductive effect of the substituent halogen plays a dominant role.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1964.100020917
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain birefringence of sodium hyaluronate films (1963)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 1 (1963), S. 725-732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Strain birefringence of swollen sodium hyaluronate films was measured. Typical Wiener curves were obtained in solvents with different refractive indices. The orientation birefringence of sodium hyaluronate was evaluated from the minima of the Wiener curves and was found to increase with increasing elongation. Up to 30% elongation, the swollen hyaluronate films show quasi-rubberlike behavior. Above this elongation, the interchain hydrogen bonding further hinders the chain mobility and the orientation increases only slightly.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1963.100010212
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