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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of epitaxial CdxHg1 - xTe layers using RBS, SIMS and EERPaper presented at the IB-SA 88 Meeting, University of Paris VII (Jussieu), 7-8 December 1988. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 717-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A combination of the techniques of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and electrolyte electroreflectance (EER) have been used to profile through epitaxial layers and heterostrutures of CdxHg1 - xTe. The layers analysed by these techniques were grown either by photosensitized or thermal metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The use of the EER technique, combined with electro-chemical etching, for depth profiling of layers is described. Good agreement between RBS and EER measurements of x has been achieved with a resolution of ±0.010 for RBS and ±0.002 for EER. A depth resolution of better than 50 Å has been achieved by all three of the techniques. SIMS has been used to profile for trace impurities in layers grown using the interdiffused multilayer process (IMP). Assessment of layer crystal quality using ion channelling and EER broadening parameter measurements is discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the analysis techniques are discussed and compared.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740141107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of catalyst composition and structure upon the polymerization of butadiene and styrene by organosodium reagentsPresented at the Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April 7, 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 38 (1959), S. 7-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The polymerizations of butadiene and of styrene by various organosodium reagents combined with sodium isopropoxide (or methylphenyl carboxide) and sodium chloride have been compared. In general a reagent which is a good promoter of 1,4-polymerization of butadiene is a poor agent for isotactic polymerization of styrene and vice versa. Also, rapid polymerization of styrene seems unrelated to stereospecific polymerization of styrene. m-Xylylsodium, combined with sodium isopropoxide and sodium chloride, was a preferred agent for isotactic polymerization of styrene but did not induce enough 1,4-polymerization of butadiene to qualify as an alfin catalyst. Catalysts of this type might be called “albyl” systems in order to differentiate them from alfin catalysts. A definite relationship exists between the structure of the reagent and the polymer it produces. Therefore, adsorption of the monomer on the surface of the catalyst is probably the controlling and most important factor in polymerization induced by these reagents.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203813302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and structure effects in alfin catalysts made from some cycloalkenesPresented at the Spring Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massa chusetts, April 7, 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 38 (1959), S. 19-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The product from the metalation of methylcyclohexene can be used in an alfin catalyst combination provided the proportions of the components are suitable, but the sodium compound from the metalation of cyclohexene cannot be used irrespective of the proportions. The metalation product from methylcyclopentene appears to form an alfin catalyst, but that from cyclopentene does not. These facts have an important bearing upon any opinion about the structure of the catalyst and the nature of a surface which affect profoundly the polymerization of butadiene, indeed, control polymer growth.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1203813303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stepwise and catalytic polymerization of butadiene by organosodium reagents (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 44 (1960), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A comparison of the addition of organosodium reagents to 1,1-diphenylethylene with their polymerization of butadiene helps to distinguish between stepwise and catalytic polymerization. In the best example of the latter, the failure to isolate intermediate steps and the high proportion of 1,4-unions, (as much as is found in free radical polymerizations) are contrary to the established reaction as described in the literature on the behavior of these reagents. The process is reexamined in the light of present information and ideas. Initiation is the result of bond stretching, which can be far enough to produce radicals. Adsorption on solid surfaces seems to control polymer growth. Details are suggested for all operations in the alfin catalytic process, and a connection with stepwise polymerization is shown.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204414320
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