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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimizing the throughput of hazardous waste incinerators (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1707-1714 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work presents a linear, steady-state model of a rotary kiln hazardous waste incinerator. Mass balance constraints, energy balance constraints, constraints typically imposed by incinerator permits, and constraints imposed by design limitations are all included in the model. The model is used to perform optimization studies, which maximize a measure of the incinerator's throughput. The sensitivity of the model to uncertainties in the chemical property values of the waste streams is also examined. For the spectrum of case studies examined, the optimal operating conditions are most sensitive to halogen content and water content of the wastes and are less sensitive to variations in heating value and nitrogen content.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361111
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic hydroprocessing of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 773-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The hydrodechlorination reactions of chlorobenzene and 1,2-dichlorobenzene on a NiMo/γAl2O3 catalyst were examined in a differential microflow reactor. The NiMo catalyst had high activity and selectivity for dechlorination; no hydrogenation of the aromatic ring was detected. The dechlorination reactions were examined at temperatures ranging from 275 to 375°C. In this temperature range the rates of adsorption and surface reaction are comparable and neither controls the overall reaction rate. A kinetic model, incorporating adsorption, desorption and surface reaction rates, has been used to model the data.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690360514
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of octane number to catalytic cracking rates and feedstock structure (1990)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 36 (1990), S. 1617-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690361025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic hydroprocessing of chlorophenols (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1730-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690371116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel Permeation Chromatographic Calibration in Chloroform, N,N′-Dimethylformamide and Tetrahydrofuran; Reproducibility of Calibration in Chloroform (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 72 (1978), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wird über Eichresultate mit Linearen Styragelkolonnen (Waters Associates) in Chloroform, N,N′-Dimethylformamid und Tetrahydrofuran unter Anwendung von Polystyrol-Standard-Substanzen berichtet. Eine Lineare Beziehung zwischen den Molekulargewichten und den Retentionsvolumina wurde im Molekulargewichtsbereich 4000-1000000 beobachtet. Die Daten in Chloroform sind über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren reproduzierbar. Die % σ-Werte variieren zwischen 0,56 und 1,30, was beweist, daß die Unbeständigkeit der Kolonneneichung bei gelchromatographischen Messungen nur einen kleinen Fehler verursacht.
    Notes: Results of calibration with linear styragel columns (Waters Associates) are presented in chloroform, N,N′-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran using standard polystyrenes. A linear relationship between molecular weight and retention volume is observed in the 4,000 to ∼ 1,000,000 molecular weight range. Reproducibility data for calibration in chloroform, over a period of two years, are presented. The % σ varies between 0.56-1.30 showing that the column calibration instability contributes only a small error to the gel permeation chromatographic measurements.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1978.050720118
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The problem of the heme interactions in hemoglobin and the basis of the bohr effect (1951)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 7 (1951), S. 499-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we have suggested that the interaction between the hemes of hemoglobin is due primarily to entropy effects associated with configurational changes in the molecule as a whole. In hemoglobin the four hemes appear to occur in paris, and the estimated interaction between members of the same pair would correspond to an entropy effect of 12 calories per degree or more, which is roughly the same as the entropy change which occurs when a mass of rubber equal to the half weight of hemoglobin is stretched to between twice and three times its initial length. Such an entropy change would account for the value of n = 1.9 observed in the oxygen and oxidation equilibria of hemoglobin split in halves by urea. The configurational hypothesis here proposed would at once explain the close similarity between the oxygen, carbon monoxide, and oxidation equilibria of intact hemoglobin, for x-ray studies indicate that the same configurational changes accompany all three reactions. It would also account for the difference of solubility between hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, as well as a number of other matters. Some new data on the oxygenation of sickle-cell anemia hemoglobin are presented and discussed in connection with the hypothesis.The further suggestion is made that the Bohr effect may be due, not to changes of bond type in the heme globin linkage as proposed by Coryell and Pauling, but to changes in the position and environment of certain acid groups resulting from changes in the configuration of the hemoglobin molecular as a whole. This would explain the essential identity of the Bohr effect for oxidation, oxygenation, and combination with carbon monoxide, as well as other things.It is finally suggested that the kind of entropy effect postulated in hemoglobin may play a role in the activation of substrates by enzymes more generally.As we have pointed out, the suggestions made in this paper are highly speculative and their value will depend largely on the extent to which they point to new experiments. Among many questions which arise are these: Is there any configurational change which occurs in myoglobin, with only a single layer of polypeptide chain, when it is oxygenated? What happens to the interaction and the Bohr effect when hemoglobin is caused to combine with a variety of reagents which react with specific groups in the molecule? Is there any significant change in the dipole moment of the hemoglobin molecule when it combines with oxygen and changes shape? These and other questions, if they were answered, would be highly pertinent to the suggestions presented in this paper.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1951.120070506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of the degradation of organotin stabilizers in poly(vinyl chloride) during gamma irradiation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Organotin stabilizers ; Dibutyltin ; PVC ; Polymers ; Gamma irradiation ; Degradation ; Dealkylation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Organotin stabilizers of the type Bu2SnX2 (X = SCH2CO2C8H17 or O2CCH=CHCO2C8H17) present in poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation in the range 1-200 kGy (0.1-20 Mrad) are shown to suffer degradation with dealkylation to form monobutyltin trichloride and tin(IV) chloride, which have been characterized by a subsequent alkylation procedure followed by gas chromatographic analysis. The extent of degradation of the stabilizers on prolonged gamma irradiation is much more severe than during thermal degradation leading to comparable blackening of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A 119mSn variable-temperature Mössbauer study of tin(IV) chloride and dibutyltin dichloride when dispersed in a poly(vinyl chloride) matrix (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 319-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Mössbauer ; Dibutyltin dichloride ; PVC ; Polymers ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Variable-temperature Sn-119m Mössbauer studies of tin(IV) chloride (SnCl4) and dibutyltin dichloride (Bu2SnCl2) when dispersed in a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix have been interpreted using a Debye model. Recoilless fractions have been determined which indicate that at 80 K the Mössbauer technique is nearly three times as sensitive to the presence of SnCl4 compared with Bu2SnCl2 within the poly(vinyl chloride) matrix. These observations have been explained in terms of structural changes occurring on dispersion in the polymer matrix which result in the tin atom in tin(IV) chloride becoming six-coordinate whereas that in dibutyltin dichloride reduces its coordination to five. The implications of these results for future applications of Mössbauer spectroscopy to the study of organotin compounds present in polymers are considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010405
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of tributyltin toxicants in neoprene-based elastomeric antifouling coatings: 119mSn Mössbauer, 119Sn NMR and chemical studies (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 1 (1987), S. 393-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Tributyltin elastomers ; curing process ; chemical changes ; 119mSn Mössbauer spectra ; 119Sn NMR spectra ; carbon black ; neoprene ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of tributyltin toxicants on incorporation into cured neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer and 119Sn NMR spectroscopic techniques, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that all of the toxicants undergo chemical change during the curing process, being converted into tributyltin chloride, together with (in some cases) tributyltin stearate and a small amount of dibutyltin distearate. Possible interactions between the organotin agents and other components of the elastomer, e.g. carbon black filler, and cure accelerators such as tetramethylthiuram disulphide, have also been investigated.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590010503
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The degradation of triphenyltin biocides in neoprene-based elastomeric marine antifouling coatings: 119mSn Mössbauer and chemical speciation studies (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Applied Organometallic Chemistry 3 (1989), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0268-2605
    Keywords: Triphenyltin ; neoprene ; elastomer ; Mössbauer ; degradation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The fate of a series of triphenyltin biocides on incorporation into neoprene elastomers has been studied by 119mSn Mössbauer spectroscopy, together with supporting chemical derivatization techniques. It is shown that triphenyltin compounds undergo drastic degradation on incorporation into neoprene, suffering cleavage of phenyl-tin bonds to give a mixture of products in which all stages of dephenylation are present, including stannic chloride. This degradation occurs not only in elastomers cured at 150°C, but also in room temperature solvent-cast samples.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590030407
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